{"id":455994,"date":"2023-07-19T10:48:51","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T07:48:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=455994"},"modified":"2023-07-20T09:32:46","modified_gmt":"2023-07-20T06:32:46","slug":"le-laser-de-fer-bientot-deploye-pour-proteger-israel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/le-laser-de-fer-bientot-deploye-pour-proteger-israel\/","title":{"rendered":"Le \u00ab\u00a0Laser de Fer\u00a0\u00bb bient\u00f4t d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 pour prot\u00e9ger Isra\u00ebl"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\"><em><strong>Le syst\u00e8me laser sera int\u00e9gr\u00e9 directement dans les batteries de d\u00e9fense a\u00e9rienne D\u00f4me de Fer de Rafael, actives depuis 2011.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Par Yaakov Lappin, TPS<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dans environ 18 mois, Isra\u00ebl devrait d\u00e9ployer les premiers syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense laser au monde, sur des fronti\u00e8res qui ont de l&rsquo;autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 des arm\u00e9es terroristes soutenues par l&rsquo;Iran.<\/p>\n<p>Gaza, le Liban et la Syrie \u00e9taient tous de bons candidats pour le faisceau de fer de Rafael Advanced Defense Systems, qui est en d\u00e9veloppement depuis pr\u00e8s de 20 ans.<\/p>\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me laser sera int\u00e9gr\u00e9 directement dans les batteries de d\u00e9fense a\u00e9rienne D\u00f4me de Fer fabriqu\u00e9es par Rafael, qui fonctionnent depuis 2011. Des algorithmes d\u00e9termineront quand activer les lasers et quand tirer les intercepteurs cin\u00e9tiques du D\u00f4me de Fer, connus sous le nom de missiles Tamir, comme ainsi que le type de missile Tamir \u00e0 lancer. Certains intercepteurs sont \u00e9quip\u00e9s de cam\u00e9ras sp\u00e9ciales, tandis que d&rsquo;autres ont un radar embarqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Le Faisceau de Fer et le D\u00f4me de Fer peuvent abattre des roquettes, des obus de mortier, des v\u00e9hicules a\u00e9riens sans pilote et des missiles. Cependant, le syst\u00e8me laser est con\u00e7u pour compl\u00e9ter et non remplacer le D\u00f4me de Fer.<\/p>\n<p>Le D\u00f4me de Fer a intercept\u00e9 environ 95 % des menaces a\u00e9riennes tir\u00e9es depuis Gaza et se dirigeant vers des zones b\u00e2ties en Isra\u00ebl, un taux qu&rsquo;il a maintenu pendant l&rsquo;op\u00e9ration \u00ab Bouclier et fl\u00e8che \u00bb de mai 2023 contre le Jihad islamique palestinien. N\u00e9anmoins, le syst\u00e8me laser pr\u00e9sente plusieurs avantages relatifs.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;une part, le laser ne co\u00fbte que quelques dollars \u00e0 tirer (\u00ab\u00a0la facture d&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb), par rapport au co\u00fbt moyen de 50 000 dollars par intercepteur Tamir. Les factions terroristes de Gaza, le Hamas et le Jihad islamique palestinien, d\u00e9pensent entre 500 et 1 000 dollars de fonds iraniens pour chaque roquette qu&rsquo;ils construisent, en fonction de sa port\u00e9e et de sa taille, ce qui leur donne un avantage financier &#8211; jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n<p>En plus d&rsquo;\u00eatre consid\u00e9rablement moins cher que les d\u00e9fenses a\u00e9riennes traditionnelles, contrairement \u00e0 eux, le Faisceau de Fer n&rsquo;a pas besoin d&rsquo;\u00eatre r\u00e9approvisionn\u00e9. De plus, le laser atteint sa cible en quelques secondes, bien plus rapidement que les intercepteurs cin\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n<p>D&rsquo;autre part, le laser de 100 kilowatts a une port\u00e9e d&rsquo;environ huit \u00e0 10 kilom\u00e8tres (cinq \u00e0 six miles), ce qui est consid\u00e9rablement plus courte que celle du D\u00f4me de Fer, et chaque laser peut engager une seule menace \u00e0 la fois, contrairement au D\u00f4me de Fer, qui peut intercepter plusieurs menaces simultan\u00e9ment.<\/p>\n<p>En janvier 2020, le minist\u00e8re isra\u00e9lien de la D\u00e9fense a annonc\u00e9 trois programmes laser diff\u00e9rents : un laser au sol pour compl\u00e9ter le D\u00f4me de fer, un syst\u00e8me mobile pour prot\u00e9ger les unit\u00e9s militaires pendant les man\u0153uvres et un syst\u00e8me a\u00e9rien capable d&rsquo;abattre les menaces d&rsquo;en haut. La version a\u00e9rienne donnera \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl la possibilit\u00e9 d&rsquo;utiliser des lasers contre des roquettes au-dessus de la couverture nuageuse.<\/p>\n<p>La v\u00e9ritable perc\u00e9e dans le d\u00e9veloppement du Faisceau de Fer est survenue lorsque les ing\u00e9nieurs ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des syst\u00e8mes laser \u00e0 source \u00e9lectrique au lieu d&rsquo;utiliser l&rsquo;ancienne technologie laser chimique.<\/p>\n<p>Le programme parall\u00e8le de d\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;intercepteurs laser a\u00e9roport\u00e9s a \u00e9galement connu une perc\u00e9e en 2021, lorsque le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense et Elbit Systems ont annonc\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un laser de 100 kilowatts plac\u00e9 sur un avion Cessna volant \u00e0 3 000 pieds avait abattu 100 % des drones qui avaient particip\u00e9 au test.<\/p>\n<p>La port\u00e9e d&rsquo;interception laser a\u00e9roport\u00e9e est d&rsquo;environ 20 kilom\u00e8tres (12 miles).<\/p>\n<p>Lorsqu&rsquo;ils sont combin\u00e9s, il est possible d&rsquo;envisager des lasers terrestres et a\u00e9riens interceptant un grand nombre de projectiles \u00e0 une fraction du co\u00fbt de production de ces projectiles.<\/p>\n<p>Le Faisceau de Fer peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour fournir une protection sp\u00e9cifique au site pour des emplacements strat\u00e9giques tels que les centrales \u00e9lectriques et les ports.<\/p>\n<p>Une fois la capacit\u00e9 laser \u00e9tablie, Isra\u00ebl pourrait \u00e9galement commencer \u00e0 se concentrer sur l&rsquo;interception des menaces dans l&rsquo;espace a\u00e9rien ennemi. Dans le cas de Gaza, cela pourrait signifier que les lasers plac\u00e9s \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re ne permettraient pas aux menaces de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer en Isra\u00ebl, r\u00e9duisant ainsi th\u00e9oriquement la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&rsquo;activer les alertes aux roquettes.<\/p>\n<p>Les alli\u00e9s d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl, quant \u00e0 eux, surveillent de pr\u00e8s le d\u00e9veloppement de cette technologie.<\/p>\n<p>Le g\u00e9ant am\u00e9ricain de l&rsquo;a\u00e9rospatiale Lockheed Martin a annonc\u00e9 un accord de partenariat avec Rafael en d\u00e9cembre 2022 pour d\u00e9velopper une version export d&rsquo;Iron Beam pour le march\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain de la d\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<shortcode  style=\"display:block\" ><div class=\"cta-boxed\"><h2>Do You Love Israel? Make a Donation - Show Your Support!<\/h2><div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 260px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/shutterstock_1528562331.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\"><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/p><\/div><p><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p><p> Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p><p> Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. <a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a>  <\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\">STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode><non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le syst\u00e8me laser sera int\u00e9gr\u00e9 directement dans les batteries de d\u00e9fense a\u00e9rienne D\u00f4me de Fer de Rafael, actives depuis 2011. Par Yaakov Lappin, TPS Dans environ 18 mois, Isra\u00ebl devrait d\u00e9ployer les premiers syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense laser au monde, sur des fronti\u00e8res qui ont de l&rsquo;autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 des arm\u00e9es terroristes soutenues par l&rsquo;Iran. Gaza, le&#8230;  <a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/uwi_shortcodes\/donate\/\" class=\"more-link\" title=\"Read donate\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4242,"featured_media":451966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28418],"tags":[29066,34721,28445],"class_list":["post-455994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-israeliennes","tag-defense","tag-laser-fr","tag-technologie"],"better_featured_image":{"id":451966,"alt_text":"","caption":"An Iron Dome air-defense battery set up in the southern Israeli city of Sderot fires an intercepting missile on Aug. 9, 2018. (Yonatan 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