{"id":413085,"date":"2024-01-23T10:15:46","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T08:15:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=413085"},"modified":"2022-01-16T17:14:12","modified_gmt":"2022-01-16T14:14:12","slug":"413085","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/413085\/","title":{"rendered":"Tou Bichvat: ce que les fruits peuvent nous enseigner"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\"><em><strong>La sagesse juive regorge de comparaisons perspicaces entre le peuple juif, les arbres et les fruits.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Par le rabbin Ari Enkin, Directeur rabbinique, Unis avec Isra\u00ebl<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Demain, c&rsquo;est \u00ab Tou BiShvat \u00bb, le quinzi\u00e8me jour du mois h\u00e9breu de Shvat, connu sous le nom de \u00ab Nouvel An \u00bb des arbres. Il y a en fait quatre \u00ab\u00a0Nouvel An\u00a0\u00bb diff\u00e9rents dans l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e juive qui d\u00e9bute avec Rosh Hashana, le plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre, bien s\u00fbr. Les autres sont le premier du mois de Nissan, du mois d&rsquo;Eloul et du mois de Tishri, chacun pour des raisons diff\u00e9rentes, au-del\u00e0 du cadre de cet article.<\/p>\n<p>Les sages ont d\u00e9sign\u00e9 Tou BiShvat comme la limite entre une ann\u00e9e et une autre concernant certaines lois agricoles. Par exemple, les fruits ne peuvent \u00eatre consomm\u00e9s que lorsqu&rsquo;un arbre a trois ans. La date de base pour un tel calcul est Tou BiShvat. De m\u00eame, \u00e0 l&rsquo;heure de Tou BiShvat en Isra\u00ebl, fin janvier ou d\u00e9but f\u00e9vrier, la plupart des pluies de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e sont tomb\u00e9es. Les fruits qui poussent apr\u00e8s cette date sont donc consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des produits d&rsquo;une nouvelle ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Le Nouvel An des arbres n&rsquo;est pas exactement observ\u00e9 autant que le Nouvel An du 1er janvier. Si vous clignez des yeux, vous pourriez bien le manquer !<\/p>\n<p>Bien qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y ait aucune obligation d&rsquo;organiser un repas formel le jour de Tou BiShvat comme il y en a le Shabbat ou \u00e0 Rosh Hashana, beaucoup de gens le font. Avec ou sans repas de f\u00eate, il est de coutume de manger des fruits \u00e0 Tu B&rsquo;shvat&#8230; le plus de fruits possible, en fait !<\/p>\n<p>Cela est particuli\u00e8rement vrai en ce qui concerne les sept fruits pour lesquels la Terre d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl est lou\u00e9e : le bl\u00e9, l&rsquo;orge, le raisin, les figues, les grenades, les olives et les dattes. Le verset parle de deux types de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et de cinq types de fruits lorsqu&rsquo;il d\u00e9crit la richesse d&rsquo;Eretz Yisrael. Soit dit en passant, le \u00ab\u00a0miel\u00a0\u00bb mentionn\u00e9 dans le verset fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au miel d\u00e9riv\u00e9 des dattes, et non au miel d&rsquo;abeille. Il n&rsquo;y a pas d&rsquo;interdiction de travail ou autre \u00e0 Tu B&rsquo;Shvat.<\/p>\n<p>Les kabbalistes au cours des derniers si\u00e8cles ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un \u00ab\u00a0S\u00e9der de Tou BiShvat\u00a0\u00bb tr\u00e8s similaire au seder de Pessah, avec quatre coupes de vin ! Bien s\u00fbr, les textes, les lectures et les discussions tournent autour des arbres et des fruits et non des dix fl\u00e9aux ou de l&rsquo;Exode. Lors de ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements, des dizaines d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces de fruits sont typiques, notamment des fruits secs et des noix. Les figues, les dattes, les raisins secs, la caroube et les amandes sont particuli\u00e8rement populaires.<\/p>\n<p>Selon Kabbale, les fruits sont class\u00e9s dans les trois cat\u00e9gories suivantes. Fruits avec des ext\u00e9rieurs durs et non comestibles et des int\u00e9rieurs mous comestibles (comme les oranges, les bananes et la plupart des noix), fruits et noix avec des ext\u00e9rieurs mous comestibles mais avec un noyau dur \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur (comme les dattes, les abricots et les olives) et les fruits qui sont consomm\u00e9s entiers (comme les figues et les baies).<\/p>\n<p>La sagesse juive regorge de comparaisons perspicaces entre le peuple juif et les arbres et les fruits. Examinons quelques-uns de ces enseignements.<\/p>\n<p>La \u00ab\u00a0mascotte\u00a0\u00bb de Tu B&rsquo;shvat, en Isra\u00ebl du moins, est l&rsquo;amande. En h\u00e9breu, amande se dit \u00ab\u00a0shaked\u00a0\u00bb. Shaked signifie aussi \u00ab diligent \u00bb ou \u00ab d\u00e9vou\u00e9 \u00bb. Peut-\u00eatre que l&rsquo;amande nous apprend \u00e0 \u00eatre diligent et d\u00e9vou\u00e9 aux autres et aux t\u00e2ches que nous sommes cens\u00e9s accomplir.<\/p>\n<p>Le roi David nous enseigne que nous devrions \u00eatre comme le dattier quand il dit : \u00ab<em> Un homme juste fleurira comme un palmier dattier<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb. Peut-\u00eatre que le message ici est que rester \u00abgrand\u00bb et fier de nos croyances est la cl\u00e9 pour devenir juste.<\/p>\n<p>Les olives et les raisins sont \u00e9galement des fruits tr\u00e8s distincts en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et sur Tou BiShvat en particulier. L&rsquo;huile d&rsquo;olive, autrefois et peut-\u00eatre encore, est l&rsquo;utilisation la plus populaire de l&rsquo;olive, n&rsquo;est produite qu&rsquo;en \u00e9crasant l&rsquo;huile. L&rsquo;huile produite peut alors \u00e9clairer le monde. Et il en va de m\u00eame pour nous dans la vie, parfois apr\u00e8s un \u00ab \u00e9crasement \u00bb, nous en ressortons beaucoup plus brillants.<\/p>\n<p>Les raisins sont \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine du vin, la boisson dont on dit qu&rsquo;elle rend l&rsquo;homme heureux. Ils sont aussi \u00e9cras\u00e9s pour produire le vin. Quand il se trouve sous la forme de raisin, son co\u00fbt est faible. Transformez-le en vin, et son co\u00fbt devient \u00e9lev\u00e9. Sa valeur monte. Et, comme pour les olives et son huile, parfois apr\u00e8s un broyage, notre \u00ab valeur \u00bb augmente \u00e9galement.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque vous mangez des fruits ce Tou BiShvat, assurez-vous de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir aux fruits et essayez de vous en inspirer !<\/p>\n<shortcode  style=\"display:block\" ><div class=\"cta-boxed\"><h2>Do You Love Israel? 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Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. <a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a>  <\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\">STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode><non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La sagesse juive regorge de comparaisons perspicaces entre le peuple juif, les arbres et les fruits. Par le rabbin Ari Enkin, Directeur rabbinique, Unis avec Isra\u00ebl Demain, c&rsquo;est \u00ab Tou BiShvat \u00bb, le quinzi\u00e8me jour du mois h\u00e9breu de Shvat, connu sous le nom de \u00ab Nouvel An \u00bb des arbres. Il y a en&#8230;  <a href=\"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/uwi_shortcodes\/donate\/\" class=\"more-link\" title=\"Read donate\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4242,"featured_media":413086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28420],"tags":[29391,31756,33923,43048],"class_list":["post-413085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vivre-la-torah","tag-fete","tag-judaisme","tag-torah-fr","tag-tou-bishvat"],"better_featured_image":{"id":413086,"alt_text":"","caption":"Shutterstock","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":2560,"height":1707,"file":"2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-scaled.jpg","sizes":{"medium":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-300x200.jpg"},"large":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-1024x683.jpg","width":1024,"height":683,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-1024x683.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-768x512.jpg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-1536x1024.jpg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-2048x1365.jpg"},"uwi-full-width":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-780x520.jpg","width":780,"height":520,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-780x520.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-890x400.jpg","width":890,"height":400,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-890x400.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-290x160.jpg","width":290,"height":160,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-290x160.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-190x190.jpg","width":190,"height":190,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-190x190.jpg"},"uwi-category_list":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-180x100.jpg","width":180,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-180x100.jpg"},"uwi-tiny":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-40x40.jpg","width":40,"height":40,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-40x40.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-250x170.jpg","width":250,"height":170,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-250x170.jpg"},"uwi-email":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-200x140.jpg","width":200,"height":140,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-200x140.jpg"},"uwi-iphone":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-960x640.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-1136x640.jpg","width":1136,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-1136x640.jpg"},"uwi-ipad":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-1024x768.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/shutterstock_2101856173-1024x768.jpg"},"uwi-ipad-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_2101856173-2048x1536.jpg","width":2048,"height":1536,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kin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