{"id":409202,"date":"2021-12-14T10:31:39","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T07:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=409202"},"modified":"2021-12-15T10:40:05","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T07:40:05","slug":"innovation-israel-developpe-une-oreille-biodegradable-en-impression-3d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/innovation-israel-developpe-une-oreille-biodegradable-en-impression-3d\/","title":{"rendered":"Innovation: Isra\u00ebl d\u00e9veloppe une oreille biod\u00e9gradable en impression 3D"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les chercheurs du Technion et du Sheba Medical Center ont fabriqu\u00e9 une oreille biod\u00e9gradable \u00e0 partir des propres cellules d’un patient.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Par Pessa’h Benson, Unis avec Isra\u00ebl<\/em><\/p>\n

Des chercheurs du Technion and Sheba Medical Center ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une innovation fonctionnelle et esth\u00e9tique pour les personnes ayant des oreilles d\u00e9form\u00e9es cong\u00e9nitalement. L’\u00e9quipe isra\u00e9lienne pr\u00e9dit que cette technologie sera \u00e9galement appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 la reconstruction nasale et \u00e0 d’autres implants orthop\u00e9diques.<\/p>\n

En utilisant l’ing\u00e9nierie tissulaire, des techniques d’impression 3D et les propres cellules du patient, l’\u00e9quipe isra\u00e9lienne a pu fabriquer une oreille biod\u00e9gradable qui profitera aux enfants souffrant de microtie, une malformation cong\u00e9nitale qui survient lorsque l’oreille externe ne se d\u00e9veloppe pas normalement.<\/p>\n

La microtie comporte divers degr\u00e9s de gravit\u00e9. Dans sa forme la plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re, un enfant peut avoir une oreille sensiblement plus petite mais toujours fonctionnelle. Mais dans la plupart des cas, cela conduit \u00e0 des conduits auditifs extr\u00eamement \u00e9troits ou ferm\u00e9s, des oreilles d\u00e9form\u00e9es voire une oreille totalement absente. En cons\u00e9quence, les enfants atteints de microtie souffrent d’une perte auditive, ce qui a un impact sur le d\u00e9veloppement de leur langage. Ils peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre plus sensibles aux infections de l’oreille.<\/p>\n

La microtie se d\u00e9veloppe au cours du premier trimestre de la grossesse et survient dans 0,1 \u00e0 0,3 pour cent des naissances. Dans 90 pour cent des cas, l’anomalie cong\u00e9nitale n’affecte qu’une seule oreille.<\/p>\n

\u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les \u00ab\u00a0os\u00a0\u00bb de l’oreille externe sont en fait du cartilage flexible, les m\u00e9decins traitent souvent la microtie en reconstruisant l’oreille, \u00e0 l’aide de cartilage costal pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 sur la poitrine du patient. Cependant, cette m\u00e9thode entra\u00eene de la douleur et de l’inconfort pour les enfants et risque d’autres complications, de sorte que cette proc\u00e9dure n’a lieu que lorsqu’un enfant a 10 ans. De plus, construire une oreille identique \u00e0 l’autre oreille n\u00e9cessite un niveau de comp\u00e9tence chirurgicale plus \u00e9lev\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cette perc\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un projet de collaboration entre le professeur Shulamit Levenberg de la Facult\u00e9 de g\u00e9nie biom\u00e9dical du Technion et le Dr Shay Izhak Duvdevani, m\u00e9decin-chef en oto-rhino-laryngologie et en g\u00e9nie tissulaire au Sheba Medical Center.<\/p>\n

La revue Biofabrication a rapport\u00e9 que les chercheurs avaient appliqu\u00e9 de nouvelles technologies pour l’ing\u00e9nierie tissulaire, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es dans le laboratoire du professeur Levenberg sous la direction du Dr Shira Landau, pour fabriquer un \u00e9chafaudage d’oreillette biod\u00e9gradable qui a form\u00e9 des implants de n\u00e9ocartilage stables et sur mesure.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9chafaudage unique, qui permet la formation d’une oreillette esth\u00e9tique et stable, est imprim\u00e9 en 3D et bas\u00e9 sur un scanner. Il est biod\u00e9gradable et forme des chondrocytes \u2013 les cellules responsables de la formation du cartilage \u2013 et des cellules souches m\u00e9senchymateuses. L’\u00e9chafaudage a des pores de tailles variables, permettant \u00e0 la fixation des cellules de former un cartilage stable.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la proc\u00e9dure pourrait \u00eatre effectu\u00e9e sur des enfants d\u00e8s l’\u00e2ge de six ans, att\u00e9nuant l’impact du d\u00e9faut sur la parole et la psychologie.<\/p>\n

Le professeur Levenberg a pr\u00e9dit qu’\u00ab il sera possible d’adapter notre technologie \u00e0 d’autres applications, telles que la reconstruction nasale et la fabrication de divers implants orthop\u00e9diques<\/em> \u00bb.<\/p>\n

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Les chercheurs du Technion et du Sheba Medical Center ont fabriqu\u00e9 une oreille biod\u00e9gradable \u00e0 partir des propres cellules d’un patient. Par Pessa’h Benson, Unis avec Isra\u00ebl Des chercheurs du Technion and Sheba Medical Center ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une innovation fonctionnelle et esth\u00e9tique pour les personnes ayant des oreilles d\u00e9form\u00e9es cong\u00e9nitalement. L’\u00e9quipe isra\u00e9lienne pr\u00e9dit que cette… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4242,"featured_media":409204,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28418],"tags":[34248,29798,42796,29313,29783,28445],"class_list":["post-409202","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-israeliennes","tag-innovation-fr","tag-medecine","tag-oreille","tag-recherche","tag-sante","tag-technologie"],"better_featured_image":{"id":409204,"alt_text":"","caption":"A researcher works on the development of an ear implant. 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