{"id":394655,"date":"2021-07-11T08:36:29","date_gmt":"2021-07-11T05:36:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=394655"},"modified":"2021-07-11T17:17:11","modified_gmt":"2021-07-11T14:17:11","slug":"lhomme-pourra-t-il-un-jour-voler-cette-etude-israelienne-qui-seme-le-doute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/lhomme-pourra-t-il-un-jour-voler-cette-etude-israelienne-qui-seme-le-doute\/","title":{"rendered":"L’Homme pourra t-il un jour voler? Cette \u00e9tude isra\u00e9lienne qui s\u00e8me le doute"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les chercheurs sont parvenus \u00e0 identifier les facteurs mol\u00e9culaires qui permettent aux oiseaux de voler, contrairement aux autres \u00eatres vivants.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Par Abigail Klein Leichman, Isra\u00ebl21c<\/em><\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 des si\u00e8cles de tentatives pour permettre aux humains de voler sans aide ext\u00e9rieure, nous restons incapables de propulser notre corps dans les airs.<\/p>\n

Il s’av\u00e8re que ce n’est pas seulement parce que nous n’avons pas d’ailes. Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente publi\u00e9e dans Science Advances explique que des caract\u00e9ristiques mol\u00e9culaires sp\u00e9cifiques distinguent les oiseaux des autres cr\u00e9atures, et ces diff\u00e9rences permettent aux oiseaux de battre des ailes et de voler.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes ant\u00e9rieures ont prouv\u00e9 que la capacit\u00e9 des mammif\u00e8res et des reptiles \u00e0 marcher \u00e9tait ancr\u00e9e dans leur moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re. Cette nouvelle \u00e9tude men\u00e9e par le professeur Avihu Klar de l’Universit\u00e9 h\u00e9bra\u00efque de J\u00e9rusalem et le professeur Claudio Mello de l’Universit\u00e9 de la sant\u00e9 et des sciences de l’Oregon a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que la capacit\u00e9 de voler \u00e9tait ancr\u00e9e dans la moelle \u00e9pini\u00e8re des oiseaux.<\/p>\n

L’examen des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux d’embryons de poulet et de souris a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que le codage g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la mol\u00e9cule d’\u00e9phrine-B3 chez les oiseaux \u00e9tait fondamentalement diff\u00e9rent de celui des mammif\u00e8res et des reptiles.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La mol\u00e9cule \u00e9phrine-B3 est pr\u00e9sente chez les mammif\u00e8res mais mut\u00e9e ou absente chez les oiseaux. Cette diff\u00e9rence simple mais profonde est ce qui permet aux oiseaux de battre des ailes et de prendre leur envol \u00bb<\/em>, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Klar.<\/p>\n

Les rongeurs pr\u00e9sentent cette mol\u00e9cule dans sa forme la plus compl\u00e8te et font donc un pas de gauche \u00e0 droite avec leurs membres ant\u00e9rieurs et post\u00e9rieurs. Cependant, les souris avec une mutation \u00e9phrine-B3 se d\u00e9placent avec un mouvement de saut synchrone des c\u00f4t\u00e9s gauche et droit en m\u00eame temps, \u00e0 l’instar des oiseaux.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude, financ\u00e9e par la Fondation binationale Isra\u00ebl-\u00c9tats-Unis, \u00ab fournit un indice sur l’\u00e9nigme de l’\u00e9volution : comment le syst\u00e8me nerveux a-t-il \u00e9volu\u00e9 pour soutenir la marche, le vol et la natation ?<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb a expliqu\u00e9 Klar.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Cela ouvre la voie \u00e0 de futures exp\u00e9riences pour r\u00e9v\u00e9ler l’\u00e9volution des r\u00e9seaux neuronaux qui permettent les diff\u00e9rents modes de mouvement des jambes et des mains, une caract\u00e9ristique des animaux bip\u00e8des tels que les oiseaux et les humains.<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Les chercheurs sont parvenus \u00e0 identifier les facteurs mol\u00e9culaires qui permettent aux oiseaux de voler, contrairement aux autres \u00eatres vivants. Par Abigail Klein Leichman, Isra\u00ebl21c Malgr\u00e9 des si\u00e8cles de tentatives pour permettre aux humains de voler sans aide ext\u00e9rieure, nous restons incapables de propulser notre corps dans les airs. Il s’av\u00e8re que ce n’est pas… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4242,"featured_media":380477,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28418],"tags":[34044,28978,29313,34156],"class_list":["post-394655","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-israeliennes","tag-decouverte","tag-etude","tag-recherche","tag-science-fr"],"better_featured_image":{"id":380477,"alt_text":"","caption":"Shutterstock","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":2560,"height":1709,"file":"2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-scaled.jpg","sizes":{"medium":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-300x200.jpg"},"large":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-1024x683.jpg","width":1024,"height":683,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-1024x683.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-768x513.jpg","width":768,"height":513,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-768x513.jpg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-1536x1025.jpg","width":1536,"height":1025,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-1536x1025.jpg"},"uwi-full-width":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-780x520.jpg","width":780,"height":520,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-780x520.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-890x400.jpg","width":890,"height":400,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-890x400.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-290x160.jpg","width":290,"height":160,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-290x160.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-190x190.jpg","width":190,"height":190,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-190x190.jpg"},"uwi-category_list":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-180x100.jpg","width":180,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-180x100.jpg"},"uwi-tiny":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-40x40.jpg","width":40,"height":40,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-40x40.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-250x170.jpg","width":250,"height":170,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-250x170.jpg"},"uwi-email":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-200x140.jpg","width":200,"height":140,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-200x140.jpg"},"uwi-iphone":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-960x640.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-1136x640.jpg","width":1136,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-1136x640.jpg"},"uwi-ipad":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-1024x768.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-1024x768.jpg"},"uwi-full-width-video":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-779x519.jpg","width":779,"height":519,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_751727689-779x519.jpg"},"uwi-fb-share-video":{"file":"shutterstock_751727689-600x315.jpg","width":600,"height":315,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.o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