{"id":326834,"date":"2019-12-30T12:10:32","date_gmt":"2019-12-30T09:10:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=326834"},"modified":"2019-12-30T15:53:35","modified_gmt":"2019-12-30T12:53:35","slug":"les-aveugles-sur-le-point-de-retrouver-la-vue-grace-a-des-chercheurs-israeliens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/les-aveugles-sur-le-point-de-retrouver-la-vue-grace-a-des-chercheurs-israeliens\/","title":{"rendered":"Les aveugles sur le point de retrouver la vue gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des chercheurs isra\u00e9liens?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que le cerveau \u00e9tait capable d’int\u00e9grer la vision naturelle et artificielle, ce qui permettait de s’approcher de l’espoir, pour les aveugles, de retrouver la vue.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Par l’\u00e9quipe d’Unis avec Isra\u00ebl<\/p>\n

Une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans la revue Current Biology par des chercheurs de l’Universit\u00e9 Bar-Ilan et de l’Universit\u00e9 de Stanford en Isra\u00ebl pourrait repr\u00e9senter une perc\u00e9e majeure pour les personnes atteintes de d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence maculaire (DMLA), qui provoque la c\u00e9cit\u00e9 chez des millions de personnes \u00e0 travers le monde. Les chercheurs esp\u00e8rent que cette avanc\u00e9e aidera cette population \u00e0 retrouver la vue.<\/p>\n

Dans l’\u00e9tude, intitul\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0Interactions corticales entre la vision proth\u00e9tique et la vision naturelle<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert pour la premi\u00e8re fois que le cerveau \u00e9tait capable d’int\u00e9grer la vision naturelle et artificielle, tout en conservant les informations de traitement cruciales pour la vision.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons utilis\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de projection unique qui a stimul\u00e9 la vision naturelle, la vision artificielle ou une combinaison de vision naturelle et artificielle, tout en enregistrant simultan\u00e9ment les r\u00e9ponses corticales chez les rongeurs greff\u00e9s d’un implant sous-r\u00e9tinien<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Tamar Arens-Arad, qui a dirig\u00e9 les exp\u00e9riences dans le cadre de ses \u00e9tudes doctorales.<\/p>\n

La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e dans le laboratoire de l’Universit\u00e9 Bar-Ilan du professeur Yossi Mandel \u00e0 l’\u00c9cole d’optom\u00e9trie et des sciences de la vision et de la Facult\u00e9 des sciences de la vie Mina et Everard Goodman et \u00e0 l’Institut de nanotechnologie et des mat\u00e9riaux avanc\u00e9s (BINA) de l’Universit\u00e9 Bar-Ilan. La recherche a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en collaboration avec le professeur Palanker de l’Universit\u00e9 de Stanford et men\u00e9e par Arens-Arad en collaboration avec le Dr Nairouz Farah, Rivkah Lender, Avital Moshkovitz et Thomas Flores.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ces r\u00e9sultats novateurs ont des implications pour une meilleure restauration de la vue chez les patients atteints de DMLA implant\u00e9s avec des proth\u00e8ses r\u00e9tiniennes et soutiennent notre hypoth\u00e8se selon laquelle la vision proth\u00e9tique et naturelle peuvent \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans le cerveau\u00a0\u00bb,<\/em> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le professeur Mandel, chef des sciences et de l’ing\u00e9nierie ophtalmiques de l’Universit\u00e9 Bar-Ilan. \u00ab\u00a0Les r\u00e9sultats pourraient \u00e9galement avoir des implications pour les futures applications d’interface cerveau-machine o\u00f9 les processus artificiels et naturels coexistent.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

Le professeur Palanker a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 l’implant, qui est compos\u00e9 de dizaines de minuscules cellules solaires et d’\u00e9lectrodes.<\/p>\n

Selon News Medical Life Sciences (NMLS), la DMLA \u00ab\u00a0est la cause la plus fr\u00e9quente de perte de vision s\u00e9v\u00e8re dans le monde occidental chez les personnes de 50 ans et plus, et sa pr\u00e9valence augmente avec l’\u00e2ge\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les avanc\u00e9es de cette \u00e9tude dans les implants de r\u00e9tine artificielle peuvent conduire \u00e0 un traitement efficace<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, a not\u00e9 le NMLS.<\/p>\n

La macula, qui est la zone centrale de la r\u00e9tine de l’\u0153il, traite la plupart des informations qui parviennent au cerveau. C’est ce processus qui permet la vision. Si le centre de la r\u00e9tine est endommag\u00e9, une vision pr\u00e9cise est alt\u00e9r\u00e9e. Cependant, la vision p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique reste normale.<\/p>\n

Si les r\u00e9cepteurs de lumi\u00e8re de la r\u00e9tine (photor\u00e9cepteurs) sont endommag\u00e9s, \u00ab\u00a0une r\u00e9tine artificielle – un appareil construit \u00e0 partir de minuscules \u00e9lectrodes plus petites en largeur qu’un cheveu – peut \u00eatre implant\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, a rapport\u00e9 le NMLS.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0L’activation de ces \u00e9lectrodes entra\u00eene une stimulation \u00e9lectrique des cellules r\u00e9tiniennes restantes et entra\u00eene une restauration visuelle, quoique partiellement. Les patients atteints de DMLA implant\u00e9s avec une r\u00e9tine artificielle poss\u00e8dent une combinaison de vision centrale artificielle et de vision p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique normale. Cette combinaison de vision artificielle et naturelle est importante \u00e9tudier afin de comprendre comment aider les aveugles<\/em> \u00ab\u00a0, conclut le rapport du NMLS.<\/p>\n

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Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9couvert que le cerveau \u00e9tait capable d’int\u00e9grer la vision naturelle et artificielle, ce qui permettait de s’approcher de l’espoir, pour les aveugles, de retrouver la vue. Par l’\u00e9quipe d’Unis avec Isra\u00ebl Une nouvelle \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans la revue Current Biology par des chercheurs de l’Universit\u00e9 Bar-Ilan et de l’Universit\u00e9 de Stanford en… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4242,"featured_media":326835,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28414],"tags":[35723,29951,34044,37034,29313,29783,37035,34220],"class_list":["post-326834","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-influence-israelienne","tag-aveugles","tag-cerveau","tag-decouverte","tag-implant","tag-recherche","tag-sante","tag-vision-fr","tag-vue"],"better_featured_image":{"id":326835,"alt_text":"","caption":"Shutterstock","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":5454,"height":3636,"file":"2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-150x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-300x200.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-768x512.jpg"},"large":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-1024x683.jpg","width":1024,"height":683,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-1024x683.jpg"},"uwi-full-width":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-780x520.jpg","width":780,"height":520,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-780x520.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-890x400.jpg","width":890,"height":400,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-890x400.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-290x160.jpg","width":290,"height":160,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-290x160.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-190x190.jpg","width":190,"height":190,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-190x190.jpg"},"uwi-category_list":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-180x100.jpg","width":180,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-180x100.jpg"},"uwi-tiny":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-40x40.jpg","width":40,"height":40,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-40x40.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-250x170.jpg","width":250,"height":170,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-250x170.jpg"},"uwi-email":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-200x140.jpg","width":200,"height":140,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-200x140.jpg"},"uwi-iphone":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-960x640.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-1136x640.jpg","width":1136,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-1136x640.jpg"},"uwi-ipad":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-1024x768.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-1024x768.jpg"},"uwi-ipad-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-2048x1536.jpg","width":2048,"height":1536,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-2048x1536.jpg"},"uwi-full-width-video":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-779x519.jpg","width":779,"height":519,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_1507709129-779x519.jpg"},"uwi-fb-share-video":{"file":"shutterstock_1507709129-600x315.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