{"id":281989,"date":"2018-12-31T13:21:08","date_gmt":"2018-12-31T10:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=281989"},"modified":"2019-01-01T18:31:38","modified_gmt":"2019-01-01T15:31:38","slug":"lalyah-une-arrivee-massive-de-personnes-hautement-diplomees-en-israel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/fr\/lalyah-une-arrivee-massive-de-personnes-hautement-diplomees-en-israel\/","title":{"rendered":"L’alyah: une arriv\u00e9e massive de personnes hautement dipl\u00f4m\u00e9es en Isra\u00ebl"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bien que l\u2019\u00e9migration d\u2019isra\u00e9liens issus de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur soit bien connue, l\u2019afflux massif d\u2019immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s vers l\u2019\u00c9tat h\u00e9breu reste en grande partie ignor\u00e9.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Par: l’Ambassadeur (retrait\u00e9) Yoram Ettinger<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Selon Adam Reuter, pr\u00e9sident de \u00abFinancial Immunities<\/em>\u00bb et auteur de l’article 2018Israel – Island of Success (Globes Business Daily, 19 d\u00e9c. 2018): Isra\u00ebl n’est pas afflig\u00e9 par la fuite des cerveaux, mais b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de la conqu\u00eate de cerveau.<\/p>\n

Alors que l\u2019\u00e9tablissement isra\u00e9lien documente la migration nette des isra\u00e9liens issus de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, il ne documente pas l\u2019afflux massif d\u2019olim (immigrants juifs) issus de cet enseignement sup\u00e9rieur. Environ les deux tiers des Olim – \u00e2g\u00e9s de 18 ans et plus – ont fait des \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures. Par exemple, en 2015, le Bureau central des statistiques d\u2019Isra\u00ebl a signal\u00e9 la fuite des cerveaux de 1 360 isra\u00e9liens de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur, ignorant les 14 870 Olim de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur arriv\u00e9s en 2015, dont 48% \u00e9taient titulaires d\u2019un doctorat et d\u2019un dipl\u00f4me d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n

Alors que le ratio des isra\u00e9liens issus de l\u2019enseignement (par rapport \u00e0 la population totale) se classe au troisi\u00e8me rang mondial, derri\u00e8re le Japon et le Canada, le ratio des Olim issus de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur est nettement plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que celui du reste de la population isra\u00e9lienne. Plus de 25% des Olim ont de l’exp\u00e9rience dans les domaines critiques de la haute technologie, de l’ing\u00e9nierie, de l’informatique, de la m\u00e9decine et de la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Entre 1980 et 2010, 30 000 isra\u00e9liens de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur ont \u00e9migr\u00e9, et 290 000 Olim de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur sont arriv\u00e9s d’URSS, de France, des \u00c9tats-Unis, etc. , d\u00e8s lors, il y a eu un gain de \u00ab\u00a0cerveaux\u00a0\u00bb net de 235 000 entre 1980 et 2010.<\/p>\n

Entre 2010 et 2018, environ 105 000 Olim de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur sont arriv\u00e9s (sur un total d’environ 198 000 Olim), tandis que 22 000 isra\u00e9liens de l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur ont \u00e9migr\u00e9 – un gain net de cerveaux de 83 000; un gain c\u00e9r\u00e9bral annuel net de 9 000.<\/p>\n

De 1980 \u00e0 2018, il y a eu un gain de cerveau net de 315 000 personnes dans l’enseignement sup\u00e9rieur!<\/p>\n

En outre, entre 2010 et 2016, 4 000 Isra\u00e9liens titulaires d’un doctorat sont revenus en Isra\u00ebl avec une exp\u00e9rience et un r\u00e9seau am\u00e9lior\u00e9s, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 la croissance \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

2. Indicateurs \u00e9conomiques d’Isra\u00ebl pour 2018 selon la Banque d’Isra\u00ebl: Ratio dette publique \/ PIB d’Isra\u00ebl: 60,4% en 2017, 66,1% – 2014, 71,1% – 2010 [225% – 1985], contre 81% pour l’Union europ\u00e9enne, Grande-Bretagne – 85% et les \u00c9tats-Unis – 105%.
\nCroissance du PIB – 3,7%, PIB par habitant – 39 600 $, taux de ch\u00f4mage – 4,1%, taux d’inflation – 1,2% [445% – 1985].<\/p>\n

3. La population juive ultra-orthodoxe d\u2019Isra\u00ebl est de plus en plus int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie isra\u00e9lienne, comme le prouve Eli Paley, fondateur et pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Institut Haredi (ultra-orthodoxe) charg\u00e9 des affaires publiques. L\u2019Institut Haredi – en coop\u00e9ration avec les plus grands entrepreneurs de haute technologie isra\u00e9liens (la\u00efcs) – se consacre \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de l\u2019int\u00e9gration de Haredis dans le secteur de la haute technologie d\u2019Isra\u00ebl. Ce dernier est le principal moteur de la croissance \u00e9conomique d\u2019Isra\u00ebl, mais il est menac\u00e9 par une p\u00e9nurie croissante de d\u00e9veloppeurs qualifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objectif de l\u2019Institut est d\u2019augmenter le nombre de personnes Haredi dans le secteur des technologies de pointe, tout en les faisant passer de postes \u00e0 faible technologie \u00e0 des postes de haut niveau.<\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 Haredi est pass\u00e9e de 4% de la population isra\u00e9lienne en 1980 \u00e0 11% en 2018, alors qu\u2019elle repr\u00e9sente environ 20% de la population de moins de neuf ans.<\/p>\n

Alors que 18% des travailleuses har\u00e9dites d\u00e9tenaient un dipl\u00f4me universitaire en 2006 (contre 7% des hommes haredi), le volume est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 24% en 2016 (contre 11% des hommes haredi).<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente de l’Institut sur la qualit\u00e9 de vie dans les groupes de population isra\u00e9liens fait \u00e9tat d’une augmentation du taux d’emploi des hommes Haredis de 40% en 2008 \u00e0 52% en 2018, tandis que le taux d’emploi des femmes Haredites est pass\u00e9 de 57% \u00e0 75% au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie. Cependant, malgr\u00e9 la hausse de l’emploi, la majorit\u00e9 des Isra\u00e9liens Haredis restent employ\u00e9s \u00e0 des postes subalternes.<\/p>\n

Selon des tests et des \u00e9valuations men\u00e9s par l’Institut Haredi, les dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s des s\u00e9minaires Haredi – dans la fili\u00e8re informatique – font preuve de talent, d’une \u00e9thique de travail solide et d’une ambition \u00e9gale \u00e0 la population la\u00efque.<\/p>\n

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Bien que l\u2019\u00e9migration d\u2019isra\u00e9liens issus de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur soit bien connue, l\u2019afflux massif d\u2019immigrants hautement qualifi\u00e9s vers l\u2019\u00c9tat h\u00e9breu reste en grande partie ignor\u00e9. Par: l’Ambassadeur (retrait\u00e9) Yoram Ettinger 1. Selon Adam Reuter, pr\u00e9sident de \u00abFinancial Immunities\u00bb et auteur de l’article 2018Israel – Island of Success (Globes Business Daily, 19 d\u00e9c. 2018): Isra\u00ebl n’est pas… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4242,"featured_media":281824,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[28418],"tags":[28462,32635,32523,12467,32634,27208,5104,23580],"class_list":["post-281989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites-israeliennes","tag-alyah","tag-cerveaux","tag-diplomes","tag-emigration","tag-enseignement","tag-haredi","tag-high-tech","tag-immigration"],"better_featured_image":{"id":281824,"alt_text":"Israel 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