{"id":94183,"date":"2022-06-02T07:00:20","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T04:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=94183"},"modified":"2022-06-02T11:49:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T08:49:59","slug":"cuando-termine-shabat-el-mundo-judio-comenzara-a-celebrar-shavuot-la-fiesta-de-la-entrega-de-la-tora","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/cuando-termine-shabat-el-mundo-judio-comenzara-a-celebrar-shavuot-la-fiesta-de-la-entrega-de-la-tora\/","title":{"rendered":"Cuando termine Shabat, el mundo jud\u00edo comenzar\u00e1 a celebrar Shavuot, la fiesta de la entrega de la Tor\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Itongadol\/AJN.- La Tor\u00e1 establece que los miembros del Pueblo de Israel deb\u00edan llevar sus ofrendas al Beit Hamikdash, el Templo de Jerusalem, en los Shloshet Harregalim, las tres festividades de peregrinaci\u00f3n: P\u00e9saj, Shavuot y Sucot.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

La segunda se celebra el 6 de siv\u00e1n -este a\u00f1o, desde el s\u00e1bado 4 de junio, cuando termine Shabat, hasta el atardecer del d\u00eda siguiente- en \u00c9retz (Tierra de) Israel y un d\u00eda m\u00e1s en las comunidades jud\u00edas fuera de ella.<\/p>\n

Su nombre, el plural de la palabra hebrea \u201cShav\u00faa\u201d (semana), se debe a que la festividad se celebra exactamente siete semanas despu\u00e9s del segundo d\u00eda de P\u00e9saj, cuando comienza la cuenta del \u00f3mer durante 49 jornadas, la anterior a Shavuot.<\/p>\n

Tanto en la Tor\u00e1 como en el Talmud esta festividad tambi\u00e9n es denominada:<\/p>\n

– Zman Mat\u00e1n Torateinu (\u00c9poca de la Entrega de Nuestra Tor\u00e1): Se conmemora la entrega de los As\u00e9ret Hadibrot (Diez Mandamientos) por parte del Creador a Am (Pueblo de) Israel en har (monte) Sinai.<\/p>\n

– Jag Habicurim (Fiesta de las Primicias): Por la obligaci\u00f3n de los Bnei (Hijos de) Israel de llevar los primeros frutos como ofrendas al Beit Hamikdash.<\/p>\n

– Jag Hakatzir (Fiesta de la Cosecha): En el hemisferio norte, donde est\u00e1 ubicada \u00c9retz Israel, es la \u00e9poca en que se recogen los primeros frutos de la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola; principalmente, el trigo.<\/p>\n

– Atz\u00e9ret (Conclusi\u00f3n): Los jajamim (sabios) del Talmud consideraban esta festividad como la conclusi\u00f3n del per\u00edodo iniciado en P\u00e9saj.<\/p>\n

Oraciones y lecturas de textos b\u00edblicos en Shavuot<\/strong><\/p>\n

Las tefilot (oraciones) que se rezan en Shavuot son las correspondientes a los Shloshet Harregalim, con las especificidades propias de la fecha, de acuerdo a los textos del Sidur (libro ritual de oraciones diarias).<\/p>\n

Al concluir Shajarit (la oraci\u00f3n matutina) se recita el Halel (conjunto de salmos de alabanza) y, luego de la lectura de la Tor\u00e1 y la haftar\u00e1 (texto especial de los libros prof\u00e9ticos), se reza Musaf (oraci\u00f3n especial agregada por la festividad).<\/p>\n

Previo a sacar la Tor\u00e1 del Ar\u00f3n Hak\u00f3desh (Arca Sagrada), la mayor\u00eda de las comunidades leen Meguilat (Libro de) Rut, que narra la historia de esta moabita que acompa\u00f1\u00f3 a su suegra, Naomi, cuando fallecieron su esposo e hijos, de regreso a \u00c9retz Israel, donde volvi\u00f3 a casarse, en este caso con B\u00f3az, propietario de campos en los cuales se cultivaban cereales. De acuerdo a los textos, el rey David es descendiente de Rut.<\/p>\n

Para la lectura de la Tor\u00e1 son llamadas cinco personas y el maftir, quien luego leer\u00e1 la haftar\u00e1.<\/p>\n

El primer d\u00eda se lee c\u00f3mo se prepar\u00f3 Am Israel para Mat\u00e1n Tor\u00e1 y los As\u00e9ret Hadibrot, en el maftir se establecen las ofrendas que deb\u00edan realizarse en Shavuot y en la haftar\u00e1, el profeta Iejezkel (Ezequiel) describe el m\u00e9rito de Am Israel por haber presenciado la Revelaci\u00f3n del Creador en har Sinai.<\/p>\n

En la Di\u00e1spora, el segundo d\u00eda de Shavuot se leen las leyes relacionadas con el diezmo, la shmit\u00e1 (remisi\u00f3n) de deudas cada siete a\u00f1os, los pr\u00e9stamos a los pobres, los esclavos y los primog\u00e9nitos machos del ganado, adem\u00e1s de referirse a los Shloshet Harregalim.<\/p>\n

El maftir es el mismo que el primer d\u00eda y la haftar\u00e1 corresponde al profeta Jabakuk, quien insta a Am Israel a confiar en el Creador.<\/p>\n

Adem\u00e1s, el primer d\u00eda, antes de que el Coh\u00e9n pronuncie la bendici\u00f3n sacerdotal se recita el piut (poema lit\u00fargico) Hakdamut, compuesto por rab\u00ed Me\u00edr ben Itzjak (siglo XI, en Worms, Alemania), una alabanza al Creador y loa a Am Israel, que le guarda fidelidad a pesar de todas las dificultades de la Di\u00e1spora, mientras anhela la Redenci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Costumbres y tradiciones de Shavuot<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quiz\u00e1 la costumbre m\u00e1s difundida de la festividad de Shavuot es que el primer d\u00eda se ingieren comidas l\u00e1cteas por tres razones: el d\u00eda que D\u2019s le entreg\u00f3 la Tor\u00e1 a todo el pueblo jud\u00edo le ense\u00f1\u00f3 las leyes relacionadas a la preparaci\u00f3n de la carne para que sea casher y la prohibici\u00f3n de mezclarla con leche, pero al ser Shabat, los Bnei Israel no pudieron preparar la carne y se vieron obligados a ingerir comidas l\u00e1cteas; el rey David falleci\u00f3 en Shavuot y no pudieron enterrarlo sino hasta el anochecer, por ello todo el pueblo estuvo de duelo y no pod\u00eda comer carne ni beber vino; y se dice que la Tor\u00e1 es como la leche y la miel.<\/p>\n

Otra costumbre es el Tik\u00fan Leil HaShavuot (Enmienda de la Noche de Shavuot), que surge pues la tradici\u00f3n ense\u00f1a que Mosh\u00e9 Rabeinu (nuestro maestro) tuvo que despertar a Am Israel la noche del 6 de siv\u00e1n y sacarlo del campamento para que pudiera recibir la Tor\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Con la finalidad de letak\u00e9n (enmendar) esa situaci\u00f3n se acostumbra estudiar toda esa noche una compilaci\u00f3n de textos b\u00edblicos y talm\u00fadicos y tambi\u00e9n escuchar disertaciones de rabinos o personas instruidas en los textos tradicionales.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n se acostumbra adornar los Bat\u00e9i Kn\u00e9set (sinagogas), Bat\u00e9i Midrash (casas de estudio) y casas particulares con plantas, en recuerdo de que har Sinai se cubri\u00f3 de vegetaci\u00f3n en el momento en que se recibi\u00f3 la Tor\u00e1, porque \u00e9sta es comparada con un \u00e1rbol, porque las plantan recuerdan los bicurim que se tra\u00edan como ofrenda al Beit Hamikdash a partir de Shavuot y porque en esta fecha Ioj\u00e9bed coloc\u00f3 a su hijo Mosh\u00e9 en una cesta hecha de ca\u00f1as que crec\u00edan a orillas del r\u00edo Nilo.<\/p>\n

Fuente: It\u00f3n Gadol<\/p>\n

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La Tor\u00e1 establece que los miembros del Pueblo de Israel deb\u00edan llevar sus ofrendas al Beit Hamikdash, el Templo de Jerusalem<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":253525,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[207],"tags":[12983,12975,12982],"class_list":["post-94183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sociedad","tag-festividad-de-shavuot","tag-lecciones-de-shavuot","tag-shavuot-en-israel"],"better_featured_image":{"id":253525,"alt_text":"","caption":"Torah scroll (Shutterstock)","description":"It's customary to study Torah throughout the night on Shavuot. 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