{"id":457343,"date":"2023-08-15T06:14:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-15T06:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=457343"},"modified":"2023-08-15T09:14:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-15T06:14:15","slug":"celulas-cerebrales-de-hombres-y-mujeres-responden-diferente-al-estres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/celulas-cerebrales-de-hombres-y-mujeres-responden-diferente-al-estres\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e9lulas cerebrales de hombres y mujeres responden diferente al estr\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"lead\"><strong>Un nuevo estudio del Instituto Weizmann de Ciencias y el Instituto de Psiquiatr\u00eda Max Planck en Munich, Alemania, muestra c\u00f3mo los cerebros de hombres y mujeres responden de manera diferente al estr\u00e9s, inform\u00f3 The Times of Israel.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fuente: Enlace Jud\u00edo<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores esperan que los hallazgos contribuyan al desarrollo de tratamientos para trastornos psiqui\u00e1tricos relacionados con el estr\u00e9s, como ansiedad, depresi\u00f3n, trastorno de estr\u00e9s postraum\u00e1tico (TEPT), e incluso diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHist\u00f3ricamente, los cient\u00edficos solo estudiaron a los hombres, seg\u00fan el g\u00e9nero asignado al nacer. Desde la d\u00e9cada de 1980, las mujeres fueron incluidas en ensayos cl\u00ednicos, pero reci\u00e9n ahora hay un movimiento que comienza con Institutos Nacionales de Salud para el estudio de c\u00e9lulas y mol\u00e9culas de hombres y mujeres\u201d, explic\u00f3 la Dra. Elena Brivio.<\/p>\n<p>Brivio, originaria de Italia, dirigi\u00f3 el estudio publicado recientemente en la revista Cell Reports como parte de sus estudios de doctorado en el laboratorio del profesor Alon Hen en el Instituto Weizmann.<\/p>\n<p>Aclar\u00f3 que el estudio se realiz\u00f3 en ratones y, por lo tanto, analiza las diferencias sexuales y no las diferencias de g\u00e9nero.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEl g\u00e9nero es una construcci\u00f3n humana y se aplica solo a los humanos. Pero utilizamos ratones porque sus cerebros son un muy buen modelo para los cerebros humanos. Incluso presentan un comportamiento similar a la depresi\u00f3n que vemos en los humanos\u201d, dijo.<\/p>\n<p>Durante a\u00f1os, los estudios han mostrado que hombres y mujeres responden diferente al estr\u00e9s. El estr\u00e9s se manifiesta distinto en hombres y mujeres tanto en prevalencia como en s\u00edntomas. Por ejemplo, dos tercios de los diagn\u00f3sticos de depresi\u00f3n son entre mujeres. Mientras que los hombres con depresi\u00f3n tienden a mostrar m\u00e1s ira, las mujeres muestran aislamiento social, p\u00e9rdida de motivaci\u00f3n y falta de gozo.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cTambi\u00e9n sabemos que algunos medicamentos para patolog\u00edas relacionadas con el estr\u00e9s funcionan mejor en hombres y algunos funcionan mejor en mujeres, pero no sabemos por qu\u00e9. Esto se debe en parte a que no sabemos mucho sobre los trastornos en s\u00ed\u2026 Pero tambi\u00e9n a que nadie ha estudiado la biolog\u00eda femenina\u201d, dijo Brivio.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores utilizaron la secuenciaci\u00f3n de ARN, que analiza la expresi\u00f3n y regulaci\u00f3n g\u00e9nica en las c\u00e9lulas del tejido del n\u00facleo paraventricular (PVN) del hipot\u00e1lamo de los ratones que coordina la respuesta al estr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Buscaron responder tres preguntas: c\u00f3mo cada tipo de c\u00e9lula en esa parte del cerebro responde al estr\u00e9s, c\u00f3mo cada tipo de c\u00e9lula previamente expuesta al estr\u00e9s cr\u00f3nico responde a una nueva experiencia de estr\u00e9s y c\u00f3mo estas respuestas difieren entre hombres y mujeres.<\/p>\n<p>Antes de observar las c\u00e9lulas cerebrales de los ratones, los investigadores los expusieron a corto y largo plazo de estr\u00e9s f\u00edsico, psicol\u00f3gico y social. Por ejemplo, quitaron el nido de un rat\u00f3n durante dos horas y luego lo devolvieron. En otro caso, un rat\u00f3n fue trasladado a otro grupo de ratones desconocidos durante 15 minutos.<\/p>\n<p>Descubrieron que diferentes tipos de c\u00e9lulas responden al estr\u00e9s de distintas maneras. Identificaron c\u00e9lulas que reaccionaban en hembras pero no en machos y viceversa. Tras episodios de estr\u00e9s cr\u00f3nico, encontraron c\u00e9lulas particularmente sensibles. Observaron una respuesta diferente al estr\u00e9s normal, con diferencias entre machos y hembras.<\/p>\n<p>Los investigadores se centraron en los oligodendrocitos, c\u00e9lulas que respaldan a las neuronas y regulan la actividad cerebral. Estas c\u00e9lulas resultaron ser las m\u00e1s sensibles al estr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLos oligodendrocitos se caracterizan por una estructura muy compleja, muchas ramificaciones. En ratones macho, despu\u00e9s de la exposici\u00f3n al estr\u00e9s, ten\u00edan un aspecto m\u00e1s simple y se caracterizaban por una expresi\u00f3n de genes m\u00e1s inmadura, a diferencia de los oligodendrocitos en los cerebros de las hembras, que conservaron su estructura compleja\u201d, dijo Brivio.<\/p>\n<p>Como parte del estudio, y de acuerdo con los principios de la ciencia de acceso abierto, los investigadores pusieron a disposici\u00f3n del p\u00fablico el mapeo detallado de su trabajo en un sitio web interactivo.<\/p>\n<p>Los hallazgos sobre los oligodendrocitos pueden beneficiar a investigadores de trastornos relacionados con la mielina, como la esclerosis m\u00faltiple, ya que la funci\u00f3n principal de estas c\u00e9lulas es la producci\u00f3n de mielina, y la esclerosis m\u00faltiple es m\u00e1s com\u00fan en mujeres.<\/p>\n<p>Reproducci\u00f3n autorizada con la menci\u00f3n siguiente: \u00a9 EnlaceJud\u00edo<\/p>\n<shortcode  style=\"display:block\" ><div class=\"cta-boxed\"><h2>Do You Love Israel? Make a Donation - Show Your Support!<\/h2><div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 260px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/shutterstock_1528562331.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\"><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/p><\/div><p><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p><p> Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p><p> Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. <a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a>  <\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\">STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode><non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un nuevo estudio del Instituto Weizmann de Ciencias y el Instituto de Psiquiatr\u00eda Max Planck en Munich, Alemania, muestra c\u00f3mo los cerebros de hombres y mujeres responden de manera diferente al estr\u00e9s, inform\u00f3 The Times of Israel.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":442340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-457343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-luz-para-las-naciones"],"better_featured_image":{"id":442340,"alt_text":"","caption":"Shutterstock","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":2560,"height":1493,"file":"2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-scaled.jpg","filesize":273609,"sizes":{"medium":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-300x175.jpg","width":300,"height":175,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":14875,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-300x175.jpg"},"large":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-1024x597.jpg","width":1024,"height":597,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":65088,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-1024x597.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":10402,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-768x448.jpg","width":768,"height":448,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":43713,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-768x448.jpg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-1536x896.jpg","width":1536,"height":896,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":118599,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-1536x896.jpg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-2048x1195.jpg","width":2048,"height":1195,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":188235,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-2048x1195.jpg"},"uwi-full-width":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-780x455.jpg","width":780,"height":455,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":44751,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-780x455.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-890x400.jpg","width":890,"height":400,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":46957,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-890x400.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-290x160.jpg","width":290,"height":160,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":13958,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-290x160.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-190x190.jpg","width":190,"height":190,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":12764,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-190x190.jpg"},"uwi-category_list":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-180x100.jpg","width":180,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":9525,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-180x100.jpg"},"uwi-tiny":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-40x40.jpg","width":40,"height":40,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":5718,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-40x40.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-250x170.jpg","width":250,"height":170,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":13730,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-250x170.jpg"},"uwi-email":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-200x140.jpg","width":200,"height":140,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":11326,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-200x140.jpg"},"uwi-iphone":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":68196,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-960x640.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-1136x640.jpg","width":1136,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":74316,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/shutterstock_788836081-1136x640.jpg"},"uwi-ipad":{"file":"shutterstock_788836081-1024x768.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","filesize":84668,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\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