{"id":456820,"date":"2023-08-03T06:13:36","date_gmt":"2023-08-03T06:13:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=456820"},"modified":"2023-08-03T09:13:36","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T06:13:36","slug":"como-los-ninos-se-defienden-de-los-resfrios-en-los-primeros-tres-anos-de-vida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/como-los-ninos-se-defienden-de-los-resfrios-en-los-primeros-tres-anos-de-vida\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f3mo los ni\u00f1os se defienden de los resfr\u00edos en los primeros tres a\u00f1os de vida"},"content":{"rendered":"

Todo aquel que haya tenido hijos recuerda cu\u00e1ntos resfr\u00edos tuvieron durante sus primeros tres a\u00f1os de vida. Ya sean los novedosos virus respiratorios como el SARS-CoV-2 o los virus respiratorios rutinarios, carecen de exposiciones repetidas que brinden una protecci\u00f3n inmunol\u00f3gica a largo plazo. No obstante, logran recuperarse muy bien. Sin embargo, la forma en que lo hacen, sigue siendo una inc\u00f3gnita.<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Comunicado del portavoz de la Universidad Ben Guri\u00f3n del N\u00e9guev)<\/p>\n

Ahora, un equipo de cient\u00edficos encabezado por la Universidad de Columbia en colaboraci\u00f3n con la Universidad Ben Guri\u00f3n del N\u00e9guev y otras, ha identificado lo que creen que podr\u00eda ser el mecanismo por el cual los ni\u00f1os se recuperan de los resfr\u00edos.<\/p>\n

Los resultados fueron recientemente publicados en la prestigiosa revista Nature Inmunology.<\/p>\n

Los cient\u00edficos, dirigidos por la profesora Donna L. Farber de la Universidad de Columbia y el profesor Tomer Hertz de la Universidad Ben Guri\u00f3n del N\u00e9guev, tuvieron acceso a 63 donantes de \u00f3rganos pedi\u00e1tricos de edades comprendidas entre 0-13 a\u00f1os: 60 donantes que fallecieron por causas no infecciosas y 3 donantes fallecidos con una infecci\u00f3n respiratoria sintom\u00e1tica continua, que representaban a una poblaci\u00f3n racial y \u00e9tnicamente diversa. Luego, los cient\u00edficos investigaron las c\u00e9lulas inmunitarias de los pulmones y los ganglios linf\u00e1ticos asociados a los pulmones.<\/p>\n

Identificaron tejido linfoide asociado a los bronquios (BALT)-una nueva zona inmunol\u00f3gica que se desarrolla durante la infancia y puede ser hallado alrededor de las v\u00edas respiratorias durante la ni\u00f1ez. Si bien esto ha sido demostrado previamente en ratones, este estudio fue el primero en demostrar que el BALT existe en lo seres humanos. El estudio descubri\u00f3 que el BALT comienza a declinar alrededor de los 4-5 a\u00f1os y son reemplazados por c\u00e9lulas T de memoria. La estructura del BALT promueve la formaci\u00f3n de un centro germinal, la diferenciaci\u00f3n de c\u00e9lulas B, el cambio de clase y la hipermutaci\u00f3n som\u00e1tica, lo que a su vez, favorece la protecci\u00f3n inmunitaria.<\/p>\n

El laboratorio de Hertz utiliz\u00f3 un nuevo ensayo de perfil de anticuerpos a fin de revelar perfiles de especificidad diferentes producidos en el pulm\u00f3n y el BALT en comparaci\u00f3n con los del plasma de ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os (1-3 a\u00f1os). El BALT se enriqueci\u00f3 con anticuerpos contra virus respiratorios comunes, mientras que los anticuerpos s\u00e9ricos se dirig\u00edan principalmente contra vacunas infantiles y virus del herpes. Estos resultados sugieren que los anticuerpos del BALT fueron secretados por c\u00e9lulas plasm\u00e1ticas locales en el pulm\u00f3n y los ganglios linf\u00e1ticos pulmonares, independientemente de los anticuerpos s\u00e9ricos.<\/p>\n

\u201cHay mayores implicaciones para la promoci\u00f3n de la inmunidad respiratoria a trav\u00e9s de las vacunas. La presencia de BALT en los ni\u00f1os peque\u00f1os sugiere que la administraci\u00f3n intranasal de las vacunas puede ser particularmente efectiva en ni\u00f1os cundo puede producirse el cebado fuera de los \u00f3rganos linfoides. Pr otra parte, la inducci\u00f3n de BALT podr\u00eda dirigirse tambi\u00e9n a los adultos. Se ha demostrado que ciertas vacunas experimentales inducen BALT en ratones adultos y se correlacionan con una s\u00f3lida protecci\u00f3n contra pat\u00f3genos respiratorios bacterianos y virales, por lo que podr\u00edan utilizarse en futuras vacunas cuando la administraci\u00f3n sist\u00e9mica no impida la infecci\u00f3n o la enfermedad\u201d, se\u00f1alaron los investigadores.<\/p>\n

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Todo aquel que haya tenido hijos recuerda cu\u00e1ntos resfr\u00edos tuvieron durante sus primeros tres a\u00f1os de vida. Ya sean los novedosos virus respiratorios como el SARS-CoV-2 o los virus respiratorios rutinarios, carecen de exposiciones repetidas que brinden una protecci\u00f3n inmunol\u00f3gica a largo plazo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":267168,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-456820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-luz-para-las-naciones"],"better_featured_image":{"id":267168,"alt_text":"","caption":"hospital 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