{"id":443948,"date":"2022-12-27T13:50:15","date_gmt":"2022-12-27T13:50:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=443948"},"modified":"2022-12-27T16:50:15","modified_gmt":"2022-12-27T13:50:15","slug":"investigadores-israelies-descubrieron-aproximadamente-100-000-nuevos-tipos-de-virus-anteriormente-desconocidos-para-la-ciencia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/investigadores-israelies-descubrieron-aproximadamente-100-000-nuevos-tipos-de-virus-anteriormente-desconocidos-para-la-ciencia\/","title":{"rendered":"Investigadores israel\u00edes descubrieron aproximadamente 100.000 nuevos tipos de virus anteriormente desconocidos para la ciencia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Los investigadores lograron identificar nuevos virus, incluso especificando qu\u00e9 organismos suelen atacar.<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n

(Comunicado de la portavoz de la Universidad de Tel Aviv)<\/p>\n

Se espera que su descubrimiento ayude a promover el desarrollo de repelentes para bacterias, hongos y plagas agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n

Un innovador estudio de la Universidad de Tel Aviv ha descubierto alrededor de 100.000 nuevos tipos de virus previamente desconocidos-lo que supone un incremento de nueve veces en la cantidad de virus ARN conocidos por la ciencia hasta la actualidad. Estos virus fueron descubiertos en datos medioambientales globales procedentes de muestras de suelo, oc\u00e9anos, lagos y una variedad de oros ecosistemas. Los investigadores creen que su descubrimiento puede ayudar en el desarrollo de f\u00e1rmacos antimicrobianos y en la protecci\u00f3n contra hongos y par\u00e1sitos perjudiciales para la agricultura.<\/p>\n

El estudio fue dirigido por el estudiante del doctorado Uri Neri bajo la direcci\u00f3n del Prof. Uri Gophna, de la Escuela Shmunis de Biomedicina Investigaci\u00f3n Oncol\u00f3gica, en la Facultad Wise de Ciencias de la Vida, de la Universidad de Tel Aviv. La investigaci\u00f3n fue realizada en colaboraci\u00f3n con los organismos de investigaci\u00f3n estadounidenses NIH y JGI, as\u00ed como con el Instituto Pasteur, de Francia. La investigaci\u00f3n fue publicada en la prestigiosa revista Cell, y comprend\u00eda datos recabados por m\u00e1s de cien cient\u00edficos de todo el mundo.<\/p>\n

Los virus son par\u00e1sitos gen\u00e9ticos, es decir, que deben infectar una c\u00e9lula viva con el fin de replicar su informaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica, producir nuevos virus y completar su ciclo de infecci\u00f3n. Algunos virus son agentes causantes de enfermedades que pueden provocarle da\u00f1o a los seres humanos (como el coronavirus), pero la vasta mayor\u00eda de los virus no nos da\u00f1a e infectan c\u00e9lulas bacterianas, algunos de ellos incluso viven dentro de nuestros cuerpos sin que nosotros tengamos conciencia de ello.<\/p>\n

Uri Neri se\u00f1ala que el estudio utiliz\u00f3 nuevas tecnolog\u00edas computacionales para extraer informaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica recabada en miles de diferentes puntos de muestreo del mundo (oc\u00e9anos, sueleo, aguas residuales, g\u00e9iseres, etc.). Los investigadores desarrollaron una herramienta computacional sofisticada que distingue entre el material gen\u00e9tico de los virus ARN y la de sus receptores y la utilizaron para analizar los grandes datos. El descubrimiento permiti\u00f3 a los investigadores reconstruir c\u00f3mo los virus sufrieron diversos procesos de aclimataci\u00f3n a lo largo de su desarrollo evolutivo con el fin de adaptarse a diferentes receptores.<\/p>\n

Al analizar sus resultados, los investigadores estaban en condiciones de identificar virus sospechosos de infectar varios microorganismos pat\u00f3genos, abriendo de ese modo la posibilidad de utilizar virus para controlarlos. El Prof. Gophna afirma: \u201cEl sistema que hemos desarrollado hace posible realizar en profundidad un an\u00e1lisis evolutivo y comprender c\u00f3mo se han desarrollado los diversos virus ARN a lo largo de la historia evolutiva. Una de las cuestiones clave en microbiolog\u00eda es c\u00f3mo y por qu\u00e9 los virus transfieren genes entre ellos. Hemos identificado un n\u00famero de casos en los cuales el intercambio de genes le permite a los virus infectar a nuevos organismos. Adem\u00e1s, en comparaci\u00f3n con los virus ADN, la diversidad y las funciones de los virus ARN en los ecosistemas microbianos no han sido bien comprendidos. En nuestro estudio, encontramos que los virus ARN no son inusuales en el paisaje evolutivo y, de hecho, que en algunos aspectos no son tan diferentes de los virus ADN. Esto abre la puerta para investigaciones futuras, y a una mejor comprensi\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo los virus pueden ser aprovechados para la medicina y la agricultura\u201d.<\/p>\n

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Los investigadores lograron identificar nuevos virus, incluso especificando qu\u00e9 organismos suelen 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