{"id":435181,"date":"2022-08-29T05:41:49","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T05:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=435181"},"modified":"2022-08-29T08:41:49","modified_gmt":"2022-08-29T05:41:49","slug":"como-ayudar-al-pobre-sin-avergonzarlo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/como-ayudar-al-pobre-sin-avergonzarlo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo ayudar al pobre sin avergonzarlo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Esta semana la Tor\u00e1 (Debarim 15:1-4) menciona una ley B\u00edblica no muy conocida: Shemitat Kesafim, la cancelaci\u00f3n de las deudas por parte del acreedor. No se trata de la ley de quiebra: es decir, cuando una persona se declara insolvente. Ac\u00e1 se trata de la Mitsva del acreedor de perdonar voluntariamente a los deudores en el a\u00f1o de la Shemit\u00e1.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Por: Yosef Bitton<\/p>\n

Para entender esta Mitsv\u00e1 mejor hay que recordar c\u00f3mo vivamos los jud\u00edos en el pasado, dos mil o tres mil a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s. En el antiguo Israel los Yehudim \u00e9ramos agricultores. Durante un a\u00f1o normal, el agricultor come de lo que cosecha en su tierra: granos, verduras y frutas. En un buen a\u00f1o, si produce m\u00e1s de lo que necesita para comer, el agricultor jud\u00edo vender\u00e1 el super\u00e1vit de sus frutas y \u2014luego de distribuir un porcentaje de sus ingresos a los pobres, a los Levitas, etc\u2014comprar\u00e1 m\u00e1s animales, m\u00e1s tierra, etc. Pero si el a\u00f1o fue malo, y no tiene lo suficiente para comer, este individuo depender\u00e1 de la asistencia de los dem\u00e1s. Por lo general pedir\u00e1 un pr\u00e9stamo \u2013algo que no era una pr\u00e1ctica poco com\u00fan, incluso para un campesino que no era pobre\u2013 para \u201cpasar el invierno\u201d. Recordemos que este era el peor momento para el agricultor. Mientras que en el oto\u00f1o todav\u00eda quedaban frutos (secos!) del verano pasado, en el invierno las frutas y el grano \u2014ya procesado como harina\u2014 se terminaba y hab\u00eda que esperar al comienzo de la primavera, para que los nuevos frutos comenzaran a florecer.<\/p>\n

Hay otra ocasi\u00f3n en la que el agricultor jud\u00edo es muy vulnerable. El a\u00f1o sab\u00e1tico. Una vez cada siete a\u00f1os, el campesino jud\u00edo pod\u00eda recoger \u00fanicamente los frutos que necesitaba para comer. Lo dem\u00e1s, era de libre acceso para los despose\u00eddos: las viudas, los hu\u00e9rfanos o los pobres que no ten\u00edan ninguna tierra para sembrar. Al no poder comerciar con sus frutos, el campesino necesitaba cr\u00e9dito para pasar el invierno del s\u00e9ptimo a\u00f1o, y se le dificultaba pagar sus deudas anteriores, lo que por lo general hac\u00eda cuando vend\u00eda su cosecha.<\/p>\n

En este tipo de circunstancias \u2014 deudas particularmente relacionadas con el a\u00f1o de la Shemit\u00e1: un a\u00f1o sin ingresos\u2013, la Tor\u00e1 le indica al acreedor ser sensible a las deudas del campesino y perdonarlas. Esta era una forma de Tsedaq\u00e1 que ayudaba a que los campesinos no tuvieran que embargar o vender sus tierras, y les diera tiempo a recuperarse. Y evitaba as\u00ed que los pobres se hicieran m\u00e1s pobres . Ahora bien, esta anulaci\u00f3n de deudas no era una \u00abtrampa\u00bb para los ricos. Los acreedores jud\u00edos, aquellos jud\u00edos que viv\u00edan un poco m\u00e1s holgadamente, conoc\u00edan perfectamente bien la posibilidad de que las deudas fuesen canceladas autom\u00e1ticamente el s\u00e9ptimo a\u00f1o. La Tor\u00e1 menciona expl\u00edcitamente que el acreedor podr\u00eda querer, pero no deber\u00e1, demandar el pago de estas deudas al deudor ( \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d9\u05d2\u05d5\u05e9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05e8\u05e2\u05d4\u05d5). De manera que cuando prestaban su dinero, los acreedores eran plenamente conscientes de la posibilidad que no recuperar\u00edan su dinero. Y aun as\u00ed, los acreedores jud\u00edos \u201cprestaban\u201d su dinero a quienes lo necesitaban.<\/p>\n

Recordemos que el estado jud\u00edo b\u00edblico no juega casi ning\u00fan papel en la asistencia social: Dios educa al individuo jud\u00edo a involucrarse en ayudar. Esta Mitsv\u00e1 de \u201cprestar\u201d dinero y luego no demandarlo es considerada como la forma m\u00e1s noble de Tsedaqa. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9? Porque el que pide se siente mal de pedir dinero como caridad, pero seguramente no le molestar\u00e1 pedir un pr\u00e9stamo. Incluso \u00a1con la plena intenci\u00f3n de pagarlo! El acreedor, por su parte, prestaba el dinero, pero con la pena intenci\u00f3n de que no demandarlo cuando el deudor no puede hacer frente a sus deudas.<\/p>\n

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Esta semana la Tor\u00e1 (Debarim 15:1-4) menciona una ley B\u00edblica no muy conocida: Shemitat Kesafim, la cancelaci\u00f3n de las deudas por parte del acreedor. No se trata de la ley de quiebra: es decir, cuando una persona se declara insolvente. Ac\u00e1 se trata de la Mitsva del acreedor de perdonar voluntariamente a los deudores en el a\u00f1o de la Shemit\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":260544,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[44468],"class_list":["post-435181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-ayudar-al-pobre"],"better_featured_image":{"id":260544,"alt_text":"","caption":"(shutterstock)","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":1025,"height":648,"file":"2015\/10\/Hands-Globe.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"Hands-Globe-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 6.2% 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