{"id":432731,"date":"2022-08-02T07:34:34","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T07:34:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=432731"},"modified":"2022-08-02T10:34:34","modified_gmt":"2022-08-02T07:34:34","slug":"la-rebelion-de-los-judios-contra-el-imperio-romano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/la-rebelion-de-los-judios-contra-el-imperio-romano\/","title":{"rendered":"La Rebeli\u00f3n de los jud\u00edos contra el imperio romano"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por: Rabino Yosef Bitton<\/p>\n

DE MAL EN PEOR
\nTras la muerte de Agripa (a\u00f1o 44 de la era com\u00fan), que fue el mejor gobernador que tuvo Judea, se inici\u00f3 un per\u00edodo muy dif\u00edcil para Am Israel, que culmin\u00f3 con la destrucci\u00f3n de Bet haMiqdash en el a\u00f1o 68. Los romanos impulsaron a los paganos a establecerse en Israel, los eximieron de impuestos y los favorecieron con sus leyes. Por otro lado, cuando un jud\u00edo, por ejemplo, no pagaba los exorbitantes impuestos a los romanos, su tierra era confiscada y entregada gratuitamente a los paganos. La poblaci\u00f3n jud\u00eda se sent\u00eda cada vez m\u00e1s desplazada y privada de su tierra. En el plano religioso la situaci\u00f3n no era mejor: Las provocaciones y humillaciones contra los jud\u00edos segu\u00edan creciendo cada vez m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

CUMANO Y FELIX
\nMaim\u00f3nides indica que la terrible ofensa de Apostomus, que quem\u00f3 p\u00fablicamente un Sefer Tora, tuvo lugar en la \u00e9poca del gobernador Cumanus (48-52). Luego vino Marco Antonio F\u00e9lix, que gobern\u00f3 Judea durante 8 terribles a\u00f1os (52-60). F\u00e9lix fue un esclavo en su juventud, guardaba rencor a los jud\u00edos y abusaba de su poder. El historiador romano T\u00e1cito denunci\u00f3 su actitud diciendo que F\u00e9lix: \u00ab… practic\u00f3 toda clase de crueldades y abusos, abund\u00f3 su poder de procurador [gobernador de los jud\u00edos, designado por el emperador romano] desatando contra ellos los agravios de su esclavitud\u00bb. Los romanos hicieron todo lo posible para anexar Judea y exig\u00edan a los jud\u00edos que se convirtieran en ciudadanos \u00abnormales\u00bb del imperio o que abandonaran Israel. La situaci\u00f3n era desesperante.<\/p>\n

FLOR\u00daS
\nLa agresi\u00f3n de los romanos contra los jud\u00edos alcanz\u00f3 su punto m\u00e1ximo en tiempos del procurador Florus, del 64 al 66 de la era com\u00fan. Florus fue designado por el extravagante y tir\u00e1nico emperador romano Ner\u00f3n, que rein\u00f3 del 54 al 68. El objetivo de Florus era saquear el Bet-haMiqdash (Gran Templo de Jerusal\u00e9n) y robar los objetos sagrados del Templo que estaban hechos de oro puro. En el a\u00f1o 66, Florus lleg\u00f3 a Yerushalayim y rob\u00f3 doce talentos de plata del Bet haMiqdash, alegando que estaba actuando en nombre del emperador romano. Tambi\u00e9n exigi\u00f3 que todos los jud\u00edos de la ciudad fueran a saludarlo y bendecirlo. Muchos lo hicieron por temor a la impredecible reacci\u00f3n de Florus. Al d\u00eda siguiente, Florus exigi\u00f3 que todos los l\u00edderes jud\u00edos que no estaban all\u00ed fueran ejecutados por faltarle el respeto. Tambi\u00e9n orden\u00f3 a sus soldados que tomaran represalias matando a todos los jud\u00edos que encontraran en las calles de Jerusalem. En un d\u00eda, Florus asesin\u00f3 a 3.600 jud\u00edos: hombres, mujeres y ni\u00f1os. Y orden\u00f3 a sus soldados que crucificaran a los l\u00edderes jud\u00edos (vale la pena aclarar que la crucifixi\u00f3n era el m\u00e9todo de ejecuci\u00f3n utilizado por los romanos, no por los jud\u00edos).<\/p>\n

PROVOCACI\u00d3N CON FINES DE LUCRO
\nComo si esto fuera poco, Florus convoc\u00f3 a los l\u00edderes rab\u00ednicos ya los Cohanim a venir del Bet haMiqdash para calmar la situaci\u00f3n. Los l\u00edderes jud\u00edos aceptaron ingenuamente las demandas de Florus con la esperanza de que esto detuviera las masacres, pero cuando llegaron, el ej\u00e9rcito de Florus los atac\u00f3 y mat\u00f3 a muchos de ellos. Algunos historiadores creen que Florus estaba provocando deliberadamente a los jud\u00edos sabiendo que eventualmente se rebelar\u00edan. Y plane\u00f3 usar esta rebeli\u00f3n como una excusa para saquear el oro del Bet-haMiqdash.<\/p>\n

TRATANDO DE DETENER LA REBELI\u00d3N
\nFlavius \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bJosephus escribe que el l\u00edder jud\u00edo Agripa II trat\u00f3 de evitar una rebeli\u00f3n alegando que el problema era Florus, no los romanos. Estaba tratando de convencerlos de que luchar contra los romanos ser\u00eda un acto suicida, sin posibilidad de \u00e9xito. Los esfuerzos ten\u00edan que ser diplom\u00e1ticos, no militares: el emperador ten\u00eda que reemplazar a Florus. Pero muchos sintieron que hab\u00edan llegado a un punto de no retorno y que si no se rebelaban desaparecer\u00edan. As\u00ed en el a\u00f1o 66 de la era com\u00fan se inici\u00f3 la Gran Revuelta de los jud\u00edos contra los romanos (\u05d4\u05de\u05e8\u05d3 \u05d4\u05d2\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc). Cuando Ner\u00f3n se enter\u00f3 de la insurrecci\u00f3n, envi\u00f3 a Judea la poderosa 12.\u00aa legi\u00f3n llamada \u00abFulminata\u00bb. Pero antes de que pudieran llegar a Jerusalem, la legi\u00f3n fue emboscada y destruida por las milicias jud\u00edas dirigidas por El’azar ben Shimon en Bet Horon. Los l\u00edderes romanos quedaron at\u00f3nitos porque no cre\u00edan que los jud\u00edos, famosos por su pacifismo, pudieran luchar con tanto coraje.<\/p>\n

E PLURIBIS\u2026 NULLUM
\nPero a pesar de estas victorias espor\u00e1dicas y la gran cantidad de soldados jud\u00edos, est\u00e1bamos atrapados en un problema grave que no nos permit\u00eda triunfar: est\u00e1bamos completamente divididos. Atomizados en muchos grupos con diferentes ideas: si atacar o rendirse a Roma; c\u00f3mo atacar y, especialmente, qui\u00e9n deb\u00eda ser el l\u00edder de los jud\u00edos. Estos grupos estaban tan divididos que peleaban y literalmente se mataban unos a otros (sinat jinam). Esta situaci\u00f3n fue expl\u00edcitamente reportada por Ribb\u00ed Yohanan en el Talmud de Jerusalem (Sanhedr\u00edn, cap\u00edtulo 10), diciendo que la destrucci\u00f3n de Yerushalayim y el exilio ocurri\u00f3 porque los jud\u00edos estaban divididos en 24 grupos con diferentes ideolog\u00edas, como veremos B\u201dH la pr\u00f3xima vez.<\/p>\n

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La poblaci\u00f3n jud\u00eda se sent\u00eda cada vez m\u00e1s desplazada y privada de su tierra. En el plano religioso la situaci\u00f3n no era mejor: Las provocaciones y humillaciones contra los jud\u00edos segu\u00edan creciendo cada vez m\u00e1s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":257358,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[39330],"class_list":["post-432731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-imperio-romano"],"better_featured_image":{"id":257358,"alt_text":"","caption":"Madaba map showing Roman cardo in Jerusalem. 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