{"id":424614,"date":"2022-05-12T07:11:39","date_gmt":"2022-05-12T07:11:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=424614"},"modified":"2022-05-12T10:11:39","modified_gmt":"2022-05-12T07:11:39","slug":"el-tamano-del-cerebro-determino-las-chances-de-supervivencia-entre-los-animales-grandes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/el-tamano-del-cerebro-determino-las-chances-de-supervivencia-entre-los-animales-grandes\/","title":{"rendered":"El tama\u00f1o del cerebro determin\u00f3 las chances de supervivencia entre los animales grandes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Investigadores de la Universidad Tel Aviv y la Universidad de N\u00e1poles, han analizado la extinci\u00f3n masiva de animales grandes durante los \u00faltimos decenas de miles de a\u00f1os y descubrieron que las especies extinguidas ten\u00edan, en promedio, cerebros mucho m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os que las especies que sobrevivieron.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

(Comunicado de la portavoz de la Universidad de Tel Aviv)<\/p>\n

Los investigadores relacionan el tama\u00f1o del cerebro (en relaci\u00f3n al tama\u00f1o del cuerpo de cada especie) con la inteligencia, concluyendo que un cerebro grande, que indica-en comparaci\u00f3n a diferentes especies de animales-una inteligencia relativamente alta, ayud\u00f3 a las especies existentes a adaptarse a las condiciones cambiantes y a hacer frente a actividades humanas como la caza, que ha sido una de las principales causas de la extinci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

El estudio fue dirigido por el estudiante del doctorado Jacob Dembitzer de la Universidad de N\u00e1poles, Italia, el Prof. Shai Meiri de la Facultad de Zoolog\u00eda de la Universidad de Tel Aviv y el Museo Steindhart de Historia Natural, y el Prof. Pasquale Raia y la estudiante del doctorado Silvia Castiglione, de la Universidad de N\u00e1poles. El estudio fue publicado en la revista Scientific Reports.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores explican que la \u00faltima Era de Hielo se caracteriz\u00f3 por la extinci\u00f3n generalizada de animales grandes y gigantes en todos los continentes de la tierra (excepto la Ant\u00e1rtida). Entre ellos, se encontraban en Am\u00e9rica, perezosos terrestres gigantes que pesaban 4 toneladas; un armadillo gigante que pesaba una tonelada y mastodontes; en Australia, el marsupial diprotodonte que pesaba una tonelada, canguros gigantes y un \u201cle\u00f3n\u201d marsupial; y en Eurasia, ciervos gigantes, rinocerontes lanudos, mamuts y elefantes gigantes que pesaban m\u00e1s de 11 toneladas. Sin embargo, otros animales como elefantes, rinocerontes e hipop\u00f3tamos, sobrevivieron a esta extinci\u00f3n y existen actualmente. Los investigadores tambi\u00e9n se\u00f1alaron que en algunos lugares, la extinci\u00f3n fue particularmente generalizada; en Australia, los canguros rojos y grises son actualmente los animales nativos m\u00e1s grandes, y en Sudam\u00e9rica los sobrevivientes m\u00e1s grandes son el guanaco y la vicu\u00f1a (similar a la llama, que es un animal dom\u00e9stico), y el tapir, mientras que muchas de las especies de media tonelada o m\u00e1s, se han extinguido.<\/p>\n

Jacob Dembitzer, afirma: \u201cSabemos que la mayor\u00eda de las extinciones fueron de animales grandes, y a\u00fan no est\u00e1 claro qu\u00e9 es lo que distingue a las grandes especies existentes de aquellas que fueron extinguidas. Planteamos la hip\u00f3tesis de que la flexibilidad del comportamiento, posibilitada a partir de un cerebro grande en relaci\u00f3n con el tama\u00f1o del cuerpo, les brind\u00f3 a las especies sobrevivientes una ventaja evolutiva- les ha permitido adaptarse a los cambios que han tenido lugar durante las \u00faltimas decenas de miles de a\u00f1os, incluidos el cambio clim\u00e1tico y la aparici\u00f3n de los humanos. Estudios previos han demostrado que muchas especies, especialmente las grandes especies, se extinguieron debido a la excesiva caza por parte de los humanos que ingresaron en sus h\u00e1bitats. En este estudio, pusimos a prueba nuestra hip\u00f3tesis para los mam\u00edferos durante un per\u00edodo de alrededor de 120.000 a\u00f1os, desde el inicio de la \u00faltima Era de Hielo, y el momento en el que el hombre moderno comenz\u00f3 a extenderse por todo el mundo con armas letales, hasta 500 a\u00f1os antes de nuestra \u00e9poca. Esta hip\u00f3tesis nos ayuda a explicar el gran n\u00famero de extinciones en Sudam\u00e9rica y Australia, dado que los grandes mam\u00edferos que viv\u00edan en esos continentes ten\u00edan un cerebro relativamente peque\u00f1o\u201d.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores recabaron datos de la literatura paleontol\u00f3gica sobre 50 especies extinguidas de mam\u00edferos de todos los continentes, que pesaban de 11 kilos (un equidna gigante extinto) hasta 11 toneladas (el elefante de colmillos rectos, que tambi\u00e9n fue hallado en la Tierra de Israel), y compararon el tama\u00f1o de su cavidad craneal a la de 291 especies animales mam\u00edferas evolutivamente cercanas que sobrevivieron y existen en la actualidad, con un peso de 1.4 kg. (el ornitorrinco) y 4 toneladas (el elefante africano). Introdujeron los datos en modelos estad\u00edsticos que inclu\u00edan la ponderaci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o corporal y la filogenia entre las diferentes especies.<\/p>\n

El Prof. Meiri, se\u00f1ala: \u201cDescubrimos que los animales sobrevivientes ten\u00edan cerebros un 53% m\u00e1s grandes, en promedio, que las especies extinguidas evolutivamente relacionadas con un tama\u00f1o corporal similar. Nuestra hip\u00f3tesis es que los mam\u00edferos con cerebros m\u00e1s grandes han sido capaces de adaptar su conducta y lidiar mejor con las condiciones cambiantes-principalmente la caza humana y posiblemente los cambios clim\u00e1ticos ocurridos durante ese per\u00edodo-en comparaci\u00f3n con los mam\u00edferos con cerebros relativamente peque\u00f1os\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Donate<\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>\n

Do You Love Israel? Make a Donation - Show Your Support!<\/h2>
\"\"<\/a>

<\/p><\/div>

Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p>

Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p>

Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a> <\/p>

STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode>

\"Donate<\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Investigadores han analizado la extinci\u00f3n masiva de animales grandes durante los \u00faltimos decenas de miles de a\u00f1os y descubrieron que las especies extinguidas ten\u00edan cerebros mucho m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os que las especies que sobrevivieron.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":260148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[43844,43843],"class_list":["post-424614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-luz-para-las-naciones","tag-cerebro","tag-tamano-del-cerebro"],"better_featured_image":{"id":260148,"alt_text":"","caption":"(Shutterstock)","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":5000,"height":5000,"file":"2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 13.7% (383.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-150x150.jpg"},"medium":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-300x300.jpg","width":300,"height":300,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 8.7% (720.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-300x300.jpg"},"large":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-1024x1024.jpg","width":1024,"height":1024,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 8.4% (6.1 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-1024x1024.jpg"},"uwi-full-width":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-520x520.jpg","width":520,"height":520,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 7.7% (1.7 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-520x520.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-890x400.jpg","width":890,"height":400,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 4.8% (2.1 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-890x400.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-290x160.jpg","width":290,"height":160,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 8.1% (510.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-290x160.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-190x190.jpg","width":190,"height":190,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 11.5% (446.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-190x190.jpg"},"uwi-category_list":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-180x100.jpg","width":180,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 12.4% (362.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-180x100.jpg"},"uwi-tiny":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-40x40.jpg","width":40,"height":40,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 35.6% (330.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-40x40.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-250x170.jpg","width":250,"height":170,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 9.5% (503.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-250x170.jpg"},"uwi-email":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-200x140.jpg","width":200,"height":140,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 11.3% (424.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-200x140.jpg"},"uwi-iphone":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 5.3% (3.1 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-960x640.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-1136x640.jpg","width":1136,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 4.4% (3.1 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-1136x640.jpg"},"uwi-ipad":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-1024x768.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 5.9% (4.0 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-1024x768.jpg"},"uwi-ipad-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-2048x1536.jpg","width":2048,"height":1536,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 6.7% (13.7 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-2048x1536.jpg"},"uwi-full-width-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-519x519.jpg","width":519,"height":519,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 15.2% (5.0 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-519x519.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-889x399.jpg","width":889,"height":399,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 14.9% (9.6 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-889x399.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-289x159.jpg","width":289,"height":159,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 14.6% (1.4 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-289x159.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-189x189.jpg","width":189,"height":189,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 12.8% (754.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-189x189.jpg"},"uwi-category_list-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-179x99.jpg","width":179,"height":99,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 13.3% (603.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-179x99.jpg"},"uwi-tiny-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-39x39.jpg","width":39,"height":39,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 35.0% (323.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-39x39.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-249x169.jpg","width":249,"height":169,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 13.7% (1.0 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-249x169.jpg"},"uwi-email-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-209x139.jpg","width":209,"height":139,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 13.7% (837.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-209x139.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-959x639.jpg","width":959,"height":639,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 14.4% (12.4 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-959x639.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-1135x639.jpg","width":1135,"height":639,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 14.6% (15.5 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-1135x639.jpg"},"uwi-ipad-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-1123x767.jpg","width":1123,"height":767,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 14.6% (16.3 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-1123x767.jpg"},"uwi-ipad-x2-video":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-2047x1535.jpg","width":2047,"height":1535,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 15.5% (45.8 kB)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-2047x1535.jpg"},"post-thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_242135002-125x125.jpg","width":125,"height":125,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 16.2% (351.0 B)","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002-125x125.jpg"}},"image_meta":{"aperture":0,"credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":0,"copyright":"","focal_length":0,"iso":0,"shutter_speed":0,"title":"","orientation":0},"ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced by 2.9% (173.2 kB)"},"post":null,"source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/shutterstock_242135002.jpg"},"aioseo_notices":[],"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"Unidos con Israel","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/","push-errors":false,"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/424614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/47"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=424614"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/424614\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=424614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=424614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=424614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}