{"id":421625,"date":"2022-04-08T13:22:33","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T13:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=421625"},"modified":"2022-04-08T16:22:33","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T13:22:33","slug":"por-que-nos-sentamos-reclinados-y-sobre-el-lado-izquierdo-durante-el-seder-de-pesaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/por-que-nos-sentamos-reclinados-y-sobre-el-lado-izquierdo-durante-el-seder-de-pesaj\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 nos sentamos reclinados, y sobre el lado izquierdo durante el Seder de P\u00e9saj?"},"content":{"rendered":"

EL SEDER COMO TEATRO<\/strong>
\nUna de las Mitsvot mas importantes de P\u00e9saj es la celebraci\u00f3n del Seder, una cena festiva muy especial en la cual celebramos la Salida de Egipto y el fin de nuestra esclavitud y agradecemos a Dios por habernos rescatado. Durante esta cena leemos la historia de la salida de Egipto y tambi\u00e9n realizamos ciertos rituales con el fin de recrear la experiencia de la esclavitud y de la libertad. Hacemos esto siguiendo la indicaci\u00f3n de los Sabios que dijeron que durante esa noche \u201cuno debe actuar como si \u00e9l mismo hubiese salido de Egipto\u201d. El Seder de P\u00e9saj, por esta raz\u00f3n, abunda en simbolismos relacionados a \u201crepresentar \/ teatralizar\u201d la esclavitud y la libertad. Hay un gesto simb\u00f3lico que representa libertad (jerut) conocido en hebreo como hasib\u00e1, sentarse reclinados. El Talmud, Maim\u00f3nides, el Shulj\u00e1n Aruj y pr\u00e1cticamente todos los rabinos indican que es una obligaci\u00f3n comer la Mats\u00e1, tomar las cuatro copas vino, y cenar reclinados sobre el lado izquierdo.<\/p>\n

EL TRICLINIO ROMANO<\/strong>
\nVeamos ahora cu\u00e1l es el origen y la historia de esta milenaria costumbre.
\nEn la antig\u00fcedad la gente com\u00fan sol\u00eda sentarse en el suelo, sobre almohadones, para comer. Los esclavos, que en Atenas o en Roma constitu\u00edan el 80% de la poblaci\u00f3n, com\u00edan de pie. Y los nobles, la realeza, la aristocracia, com\u00edan en \u00abtriclinios\u00bb, especialmente cuando se trataba de una fiesta o celebraci\u00f3n especial. Los triclinios eran sofas– 3 a 6, puestos en forma de \u00abU\u00bb– \u201c\u2026 lo suficientemente amplios como para dar cabida cada sofa a tres comensales, que se reclinaban sobre su lado izquierdo sobre cojines\u201d (ver aqu\u00ed ). Las mesas donde se servia la comida, eran semi individuales, y como se puede ver abajo en la ilustraci\u00f3n de un antiguo mosaico romano, estaban dentro de la U. Se usaban las manos para llevar la comida a la boca, y no hab\u00eda cubiertos, excepto quiz\u00e1s un cuchillo (los tenedores se inventaron en Europa luego del siglo XV). \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se reclinaban sobre el lado izquierdo? Simplemente porque la mayor\u00eda de los comensales usaba la mano derecha para comer (los sabios tambi\u00e9n explicaron que reclinarse sobre el lado derecho al comer reclinado aumenta el riesgo de atragantarse con la comida).<\/p>\n

\u00bfLIBRE O RICO?<\/strong>
\nAhora podemos entender un poco mejor el simbolismo de la hasib\u00e1. Los Sabios del Talmud establecieron entonces que para \u00abactuar\u00bb como hombres libres la noche del Seder debemos imitar a la nobleza y la aristocracia comiendo reclinados sobre el lado izquierdo. As\u00ed, incluso un jud\u00edo pobre (que en el pasado eran la mayor\u00eda) actuaba esa noche como una persona libre. Cabe aclarar que en el pasado no hab\u00eda \u00abclase media\u00bb. La mayor\u00eda de las personas eran o esclavos \u2014y pobres\u2014 o nobles y ricos. De esta manera, para \u00abactuar\u00bb como individuos libres, debemos imitar no solo la etiqueta sino tambi\u00e9n la prosperidad de la nobleza.<\/p>\n

Viendo la ilustraci\u00f3n arriba tambi\u00e9n podemos comprender mejor que cuando los Sabios dijeron, por ejemplo, que se deb\u00eda \u201clevantar\u201d la mesa (\u05e2\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e9\u05d5\u05dc\u05d7\u05df) para despertar la atenci\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os, se refer\u00edan literalmente a retirar de la escena a las mesitas \u201cindividuales\u201d donde se servia la comida (hoy lo hacemos con la quear\u00e1 o bandeja de P\u00e9saj).<\/p>\n

EL TIEMPO PASA…
\nCon el tiempo la costumbre de comer en el triclinio cay\u00f3 en desuso. Y algunos rabinos europeos, como el Ra-ab\u00e1n (Abraham ben Nat\u00e1n de Provence, Francia, 1155-1215), propusieron interrumpir esta costumbre, ya que en Europa los nobles en esos tiempos se sentaban en sillas, alrededor de una mesa. La gran mayor\u00eda de los rabinos, sin embargo, sostiene que debemos preservar esta antigua costumbre aunque haya ca\u00eddo en desuso. Insistiendo en que si no nos reclinamos al comer la Mats\u00e1 o tomar las copas de vino, no estaremos cumpliendo con nuestra obligaci\u00f3n. Algunos rabinos justificaron la readopci\u00f3n de esta antigua tradici\u00f3n reasign\u00e1ndola a una categor\u00eda diferente: shinui, es decir, la obligaci\u00f3n de realizar esta noche gestos inusuales para llamar la atenci\u00f3n de los ni\u00f1os y estimular sus preguntas.<\/p>\n

EL COMIENZO DEL FEMINISMO…<\/strong>
\nOtro tema que se discuti\u00f3 por siglos es si las mujeres tambi\u00e9n ten\u00edan que reclinarse al comer. El Talmud dice que no. Y esto se entiende mejor cuando tomamos en cuenta que en esa \u00e9poca no era parte del protocolo que las mujeres decentes participaran del triclinio. Sin embargo, el Talmud habla de excepciones, como ish\u00e1 jashub\u00e1, \u201cun mujer importante\u201d. En el imperio romano hab\u00eda algunas mujeres prominentes, allegadas a la familia del rey o emperador, que pertenec\u00edan a esta privilegiada elite y se conoc\u00edan como \u201cmatronas\u201d , ver aqu\u00ed , (matronit\u00e1 en la guemar\u00e1)
\nAlgunos rabinos de la edad media, especialmente de Europa (Tosafot, Rama, etc.) opinaron que en nuestros d\u00edas todas las mujeres deben reclinarse, ya que \u201c nuestras esposas deben ser consideradas como mujeres importantes\u201d\u2026.
\n\u00bfQui\u00e9n lo puede negar? En este caso, la regla original del Talmud fue readaptada, y hoy en d\u00eda se espera que hombres y mujeres participen en igualdad de condiciones de costumbre de la hasib\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p>

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\"Donate<\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una de las Mitsvot mas importantes de P\u00e9saj es la celebraci\u00f3n del Seder, una cena festiva muy especial en la cual celebramos la Salida de Egipto y el fin de nuestra esclavitud y agradecemos a Dios por habernos rescatado.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":252907,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[5229],"class_list":["post-421625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-seder-de-pesaj"],"better_featured_image":{"id":252907,"alt_text":"","caption":"(shutterstock)","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":5250,"height":3500,"file":"2015\/03\/shutterstock_181679948.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_181679948-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"No savings - 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