{"id":395051,"date":"2022-07-17T02:32:37","date_gmt":"2022-07-16T23:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=395051"},"modified":"2022-07-17T10:37:23","modified_gmt":"2022-07-17T07:37:23","slug":"la-destruccion-de-jerusalem-como-comenzo-todo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/la-destruccion-de-jerusalem-como-comenzo-todo\/","title":{"rendered":"LA DESTRUCCION DE JERUSALEM: \u00bfC\u00f3mo comenz\u00f3 todo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por: Rabino Yosef Bitton<\/p>\n

APRENDER DE LA HISTORIA<\/strong>
\nEstamos en un periodo de tres semanas– desde el 17 de Tamuz hasta el d\u00eda 9 del mes de Ab–que se lo conoce como Ben haMetsarim. Estos son d\u00edas en los que guardamos un grado de duelo que va creciendo en la medida que nos aproximamos al 9 de Ab, el d\u00eda de duelo nacional del Pueblo jud\u00edo. Estos son tambi\u00e9n d\u00edas de reflexi\u00f3n, no solamente para conmemorar y recordar nuestra historia, sino especialmente para aprender de ella que existe una relaci\u00f3n estrech\u00edsima y directa entre nuestro comportamiento religioso y lo que sucede con nuestros enemigos: vemos una y otra vez que como dice la Tor\u00e1 expl\u00edcitamente en Perashat Bejuqotay (Lev\u00edtico 26:14-46) y Perashat Ki-Tab\u00f3 (28:15-69), cuando cumplimos nuestra parte del pacto y honramos nuestro compromiso con Dios, el Todopoderoso honra Su parte del pacto protegi\u00e9ndonos. Y viceversa.<\/p>\n

EL FINAL DE LOS BUENOS TIEMPOS<\/strong>
\nVamos a comenzar explorando los acontecimientos que llevaron a la destrucci\u00f3n del segundo Bet haMiqdash, en el a\u00f1o 68 de la Era Com\u00fan. Y es importante conocer esta historia porque de acuerdo con nuestros Sabios, si el Bet haMiqdash no ha sido reconstruido en nuestros d\u00edas es porque en cierta manera todav\u00eda no hemos superado los errores que cometimos 2.000 a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s: principalmente en cuanto a las divisiones pol\u00edticas, religiosas, sociales, entre nosotros mismos (sinat jinam) que tanto nos afectan. \u00bfC\u00f3mo ocurri\u00f3 que Israel (llamada Judea en esos tiempos) fue ocupada por los Romanos y lleg\u00f3 a estar bajo el yugo de este despiadado imperio? En el a\u00f1o 141 AEC (un poco despu\u00e9s de los acontecimientos de Januc\u00e1) los jud\u00edos recuperamos nuestra independencia de los griegos. Esto fue gracias a los incre\u00edbles esfuerzos y sacrificios de los Jashmonayim, los hijos y descendientes de Matitiyahu, que lucharon por m\u00e1s de 20 a\u00f1os hasta obtener un estado jud\u00edo independiente y soberano. Este fue un periodo de uni\u00f3n y fortaleza entre los Yehudim, bajo el liderazgo de Shim\u00f3n, el hijo de Matitiyahu, donde practicaban la Tor\u00e1 de forma uniforme y se ayudaban unos a otros. Cuando permanecemos unidos HaShem estaba con nosotros.<\/p>\n

CUANDO LOS HERMANOS SE PELEAN …<\/strong>
\nPero luego de dos generaciones, en el a\u00f1o 76 AEC, comenzaron las destructivas divisiones. Hubo una gran pelea entre dos hermanos que reclamaban el trono: Yojan\u00e1n Hurquenus y Yehud\u00e1 Arist\u00f3bulo. En ese entonces, los Romanos hab\u00edan enviado al famoso comandante Pompeyo al medio oriente para proteger a los barcos romanos en el mediterr\u00e1neo de los piratas que los atacaban y los saqueaban. Una vez en Medio Oriente Pompeyo vio que la situaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica en Judea era muy fr\u00e1gil y decidi\u00f3 aprovecharse de la situaci\u00f3n. En el a\u00f1o 63 AEC se ofreci\u00f3 para arbitrar entre los dos hermanos y decidir qui\u00e9n deber\u00eda asumir el cargo. Los jud\u00edos no se dieron cuenta de que estaban cayendo en una trampa que ten\u00eda fines de lucro para los romanos\u2026. Pompeyo decidi\u00f3 que Yojan\u00e1n, el menos poderoso, deber\u00eda ser el nuevo monarca. No conforme con el veredicto, Arist\u00f3bulo reuni\u00f3 un ej\u00e9rcito en Yerushalayim. Pompeyo, con el pretexto de apoyar a Yojan\u00e1n, trajo a su ej\u00e9rcito y comenz\u00f3 una guerra que dur\u00f3 m\u00e1s de 3 meses y en la que murieron m\u00e1s de 12.000 jud\u00edos. Una vez vencido Arist\u00f3bulo, Pompeyo ya sin resistencia se apoder\u00f3 de la ciudad de Jerusalem y desplazo al propio Yojan\u00e1n, acabando as\u00ed con el estado jud\u00edo independiente: Judea pas\u00f3 ahora a ser parte del imperio romano.<\/p>\n

DEMASIADO TARDE…<\/strong>
\nEn el a\u00f1o 54 AEC los Yehudim trataron de rebelarse contra el imperio romano y recuperar su soberan\u00eda. Alejandro, el hijo de Arist\u00f3bulo encabez\u00f3 una rebeli\u00f3n contra el c\u00f3nsul romano Craso, pero fracas\u00f3. 13.000 jud\u00edos murieron y 30.000 fueron tomados como esclavos y exiliados a Roma. Muchas ciudades jud\u00edas fueron destruidas y transformadas en ciudades Romanas habitadas por todo tipo de paganos. De esta manera, a ra\u00edz de las divisiones entre hermanos, luego de 80 a\u00f1os de soberan\u00eda por la que tanto hab\u00edamos luchado, Judea pas\u00f3 a ser un estado vasallo de Roma.
\nPero no todo estaba perdido… Aunque ya no era nuestro propio estado, todav\u00eda ten\u00edamos nuestro Bet haMiqdash y pod\u00edamos practicar nuestra religi\u00f3n.
\nSin embargo, y como veremos m\u00e1s adelante, la situaci\u00f3n fue empeorando y llev\u00f3 a la destrucci\u00f3n del Bet haMiqdash en el a\u00f1o 68 de la era com\u00fan.<\/p>\n

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Estamos en un periodo de tres semanas– desde el 17 de Tamuz hasta el d\u00eda 9 del mes de Ab–que se lo conoce como Ben haMetsarim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":263521,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[210,214],"tags":[41738,23877],"class_list":["post-395051","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sobre-jerusalem","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-ben-hametsarim","tag-destruccion-de-jerusalem"],"better_featured_image":{"id":263521,"alt_text":"mourners at Western Wall, Jerusalem, tisha b'av","caption":"(Hillel 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