{"id":340286,"date":"2020-04-03T11:07:12","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T11:07:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=340286"},"modified":"2020-04-03T14:07:12","modified_gmt":"2020-04-03T11:07:12","slug":"ma-nishtana-que-diferencia-el-pesaj-el-este","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/ma-nishtana-que-diferencia-el-pesaj-el-este\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1 nishtan\u00e1 (qu\u00e9 diferencia el P\u00e9saj el este)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Entre los hablantes de judeoespa\u00f1ol hay una larga discusi\u00f3n acerca de c\u00f3mo llamar a su lengua. En Israel, por ejemplo, se la denomina ladino, pero el recientemente desaparecido profesor Haim Vidal Sephiha Z\u2019L luch\u00f3 durante a\u00f1os contra esta denominaci\u00f3n, destacando que el ladino no es sino la lengua-calco utilizada para ense\u00f1ar hebreo en las comunidades sefard\u00edes.<\/p>\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 es una lengua-calco? Una que imita el esquema o construcci\u00f3n morfol\u00f3gica de otro idioma de forma literal. Uno de los ejemplos m\u00e1s habituales es el de la Hagad\u00e1 (el libro con el relato) de P\u00e9saj. En la liturgia del seder (literalmente, orden), destaca el momento en que el benjam\u00edn de la casa formula cuatro preguntas, todas ellas comenzadas por el verso hebreo \u201cM\u00e1 nishtan\u00e1 hal\u00e1ila haz\u00e9 mik\u00f3l haleil\u00f3t?\u201d, que se traduce al espa\u00f1ol como \u00bfEn qu\u00e9 se diferencia esta noche de todas las dem\u00e1s? Sin embargo, en la tradici\u00f3n sefard\u00ed, se lee una Hagad\u00e1 \u201ccalcada\u201d al judeoespa\u00f1ol que esta comunidad conserv\u00f3 despu\u00e9s de la Expulsi\u00f3n de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e9rica a finales del siglo XV. En ladino, las primeras palabras del verso suenan \u201cQu\u00e9 diferencia la noche la esta\u201d, conservando el n\u00famero y g\u00e9nero de cada una de las palabras traducidas por separado.<\/p>\n

En estos tiempos de confinamiento por la pandemia que nos ha tocado vivir, estamos a punto de celebrar un P\u00e9saj muy diferente a todos los que, a\u00f1o tras a\u00f1o y de forma pr\u00e1cticamente id\u00e9ntica y ritual, hemos acumulado en la memoria, por lo que debemos preguntarnos \u201cM\u00e1 nishtan\u00e1 haP\u00e9saj haz\u00e9\u201d, \u201cqu\u00e9 diferencia el P\u00e9saj el este\u201d. Ya no estaremos sentados toda la familia a la misma mesa (como es preceptivo) y, en la mayor\u00eda, no liderar\u00e1 la lectura y ceremonia el patriarca. Esta situaci\u00f3n ha movilizado a muchas comunidades jud\u00edas a organizarse para suplir la presencia real por otra virtual, a trav\u00e9s de una conexi\u00f3n telem\u00e1tica. Evidentemente, no es lo mismo. Sin embargo, nos abre una posibilidad hasta ahora no muy extendida: la de compartir el rito tambi\u00e9n con otros miembros de la familia alejados geogr\u00e1ficamente. Claro que no es lo mismo incorporar a un seder en Espa\u00f1a a la familia de un hermano en Israel (a una hora de diferencia horaria de distancia) que la de otro en Argentina (con una diferencia de cinco horas), pero resulta viable con parientes aislados incluso en la misma ciudad o en otras del mismo pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Cuando los israelitas salieron de Egipto, seg\u00fan nos relata la Biblia, apenas conservaban lazos de uni\u00f3n entre los distintos clanes o tribus. Por primera vez en siglos, compartieron un destino com\u00fan que los convirti\u00f3 en una misma naci\u00f3n, \u201cam Israel\u201d, el pueblo de Israel, descendientes de los mismos Jacob, Isaac y finalmente Abraham. Estamos aprendiendo algo que le\u00edmos y repetimos a\u00f1o tras a\u00f1o, pero que esta vez cobra verdadero sentido: se puede ser uno y estar en todas partes. En cualquier caso, es mucho mejor que cuando nos obligaban a morar juntos en juder\u00edas, guetos y campos de concentraci\u00f3n. Esta pesadilla pasar\u00e1, tarde o temprano, y volveremos a cultivar la libertad de movimiento y reuni\u00f3n. Y hasta puede que recordemos con nostalgia aquel P\u00e9saj en el que, pese a la separaci\u00f3n, nos sentimos m\u00e1s cerca que nunca unos de otros.<\/p>\n

Shabat shalom, P\u00e9saj sameaj ve-Refu\u00e1 shlem\u00e1 (S\u00e1bado en paz, P\u00e9saj alegre y Completa sanaci\u00f3n)
\nJorge Rozemblum
\nDirector de Radio Sefarad
\nwww.radiosefarad.com<\/p>\n<\/a>

ISRAEL, PRIMER PA\u00cdS DEL MUNDO EN VACUNACI\u00d3N<\/h2>

Dona al Fondo de ayuda de United with Israel para luchar contra la grave crisis econ\u00f3mica que sufren millones de israel\u00edes <\/strong><\/a>. Israel es el pa\u00eds con un mayor \u00edndice de vacunaci\u00f3n del mundo, por poblaci\u00f3n. El 50% de los israel\u00edes ya se han vacunado.\r\nAhora es el momento de ayudar a los que m\u00e1s quieres.\r\n\r\n<\/p>

Los israel\u00edes necesitan tu ayuda. Los alimentos y suministros m\u00e9dicos pueden ser escasos. La tasa de desempleo contin\u00faa en un 25%. Comenzamos la crisis con una tasa del 4%\r\n\r\n\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>

Unidos con Israel agradece al\u00a0 Genesis Prize<\/strong><\/a> por su generoso apoyo.<\/p>

HAZ CLIC AQU\u00cd PARA HACER UNA DONACI\u00d3N<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/cta><\/shortcode>\n

Do You Love Israel? Make a Donation - Show Your Support!<\/h2>
\"\"<\/a>

<\/p><\/div>

Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p>

Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p>

Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a> <\/p>

STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode>

\"Donate<\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una que imita el esquema o construcci\u00f3n morfol\u00f3gica de otro idioma de forma literal. Uno de los ejemplos m\u00e1s habituales es el de la Hagad\u00e1 (el libro con el relato) de P\u00e9saj.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":253047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[37918,214],"tags":[37485,37525,37720,37854,11670,5221,37148],"class_list":["post-340286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-coronavirus-en-israel","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-coronavirus-es","tag-coronavirus-en-israel","tag-covid-19","tag-covid-19-en-israel","tag-hagada","tag-pesaj","tag-pesaj-2020"],"better_featured_image":{"id":253047,"alt_text":"","caption":"(shutterstock)","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":1000,"height":685,"file":"2015\/04\/shutterstock_258433487.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_258433487-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"No savings - 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