{"id":295013,"date":"2019-05-10T12:31:58","date_gmt":"2019-05-10T09:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=295013"},"modified":"2019-05-10T16:19:01","modified_gmt":"2019-05-10T13:19:01","slug":"el-jeque-manda-en-israel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/el-jeque-manda-en-israel\/","title":{"rendered":"El jeque manda en Israel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las celebraciones de un nuevo aniversario de la independencia de Israel sirven tambi\u00e9n para hacer balance de sus logros y metas por alcanzar.<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n

Por ejemplo, en las primeras d\u00e9cadas de existencia, la moneda oficial, la lira israel\u00ed, a\u00fan denotaba en su nombre la r\u00e9mora del Mandato Brit\u00e1nico (cuya moneda era y sigue siendo la lira esterlina). Cuando lleg\u00f3 la hora de revisar su valor, tambi\u00e9n cambi\u00f3 de nombre por el b\u00edblico de sh\u00e9kel<\/em>, que significa peso, lo que adem\u00e1s de con las fuentes hebreas, lo vincula con la etimolog\u00eda de otras unidades monetarias en el mundo. El devenir de la econom\u00eda plante\u00f3 con el tiempo la emisi\u00f3n de una nueva moneda, la actual, que simplemente se llam\u00f3 sh\u00e9kel jad\u00e1sh<\/em>, nuevo sh\u00e9kel<\/em>.<\/p>\n

En el hebreo actual suelen abundar las siglas, como en tantos otros idiomas, pero con la particularidad que, dada la ausencia gr\u00e1fica de las vocales, cualquier combinaci\u00f3n de iniciales permite articular una palabra pronunciable. Por explicarlo mejor: si en espa\u00f1ol para referirnos al IRPF (Impuesto de la Renta a las Personas F\u00edsicas) pronunciamos \u201cierepeefe\u201d, en hebreo, las iniciales de SH\u00e9kel Jad\u00e1sh<\/em> (los sonidos SH y J) se enlazan sin problemas con una vocal t\u00e1cita (a), dando lugar a \u201cshaj<\/em>\u201d. Da la casualidad que la misma combinaci\u00f3n de letras y sonidos significa ajedrez. En realidad, el fonema shaj ha pasado tambi\u00e9n al espa\u00f1ol transformado en \u201cjaque\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u00bfC\u00f3mo se diferencian ambas palabras al escribirse? Todas las siglas en hebreo llevan delante de la letra final un doble ap\u00f3strofo, aunque con el tiempo a veces lo pierden y se transforman en palabras aut\u00f3nomas (como es el caso de \u201cshadar<\/em>\u201d, originalmente siglas de \u201cshluj\u00e9 de rabanan<\/em>\u201d, enviado del rabino en arameo, que hoy d\u00eda significa emisario y da lugar al verbo emitir al referirse, por ejemplo, a la radio o la televisi\u00f3n). Lo llamativo del caso es que el uso de \u201cshaj<\/em>\u201d para el ajedrez llega al hebreo desde el \u00e1rabe, que a su vez lo toma del persa, en el que designa al rey o jefe. \u00bfOs suena lo del sh\u00e1<\/em> de Persia? En ingl\u00e9s lo escriben shah<\/em>, y es la misma fuente de la que deriva en \u00e1rabe \u201csheij<\/em>\u201d, que pasa al espa\u00f1ol convertido en \u201cjeque\u201d.<\/p>\n

De modo que no es casualidad que jeque y jaque suenen parecido, sino que, en definitiva, significan lo mismo: el que manda y la amenaza a la pieza que lo representa en el tablero de ajedrez. En hebreo pronunciado se a\u00f1ade a esta pluralidad sem\u00e1ntica la unidad monetaria. Y dado que, como dec\u00eda el poeta espa\u00f1ol Francisco de Quevedo \u201cpoderoso caballero es Don Dinero\u201d, en Israel hoy d\u00eda manda el \u201cshaj<\/em>\u201d, el jeque, el sh\u00e1<\/em>. Como en cualquier lugar del mundo, el objetivo del juego es arrinconarlo y dominar sus movimientos, s\u00f3lo que en hebreo resulta ling\u00fc\u00edsticamente coincidente con el ejercicio del poder. Puede parecer injusto, pero resulta bastante m\u00e1s divertido que una partida en la que s\u00f3lo hay peones, y en la que siempre habr\u00e1 alguno que deje el sacrificio para los dem\u00e1s y corra hasta la \u00faltima fila para coronarse.<\/p>\n

Shabat shalom<\/p>\n

Jorge Rozemblum<\/p>\n

Director de Radio Sefarad<\/p>\n

www.radiosefarad.com<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Por ejemplo, en las primeras d\u00e9cadas de existencia, la moneda oficial, la lira israel\u00ed, a\u00fan denotaba en su nombre la r\u00e9mora del Mandato Brit\u00e1nico (cuya moneda era y sigue siendo la lira esterlina).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":267713,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[207],"tags":[27180],"class_list":["post-295013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sociedad","tag-jorge-rozemblum"],"better_featured_image":{"id":267713,"alt_text":"","caption":"Israel's currency.\n 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