{"id":289821,"date":"2019-03-22T15:34:14","date_gmt":"2019-03-22T12:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=289821"},"modified":"2019-03-22T15:34:15","modified_gmt":"2019-03-22T12:34:15","slug":"libertad-libertad-libertad-y-libertad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/libertad-libertad-libertad-y-libertad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00a1Libertad, libertad, libertad! (\u2026y libertad)"},"content":{"rendered":"

En fin\u00e9s existen varias decenas de palabras para lo que nosotros llamamos \u00fanicamente nieve. Sin llegar a esa verborragia, posiblemente el hebreo sea la \u00fanica lengua en que el concepto de libertad se pueda traducir a cuatro palabras distintas, no exactamente sin\u00f3nimas, ni neologismos prestados de otros idiomas: jofesh, shijrur, dror y jerut.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

Cada una representa una cara distinta del mismo concepto y es una de las mejores muestras de c\u00f3mo la propia lengua muchas veces moldea el pensamiento colectivo de una comunidad.<\/p>\n

Dos de los t\u00e9rminos hebreos podr\u00edan traducirse como Libertad, en may\u00fasculas, como concepto abstracto, adem\u00e1s de cargar de significado pol\u00edtico: Dror<\/em> y Jerut. Este \u00faltimo fue el nombre del partido que cre\u00f3 Menajem Beguin tras la independencia de Israel seg\u00fan el marco ideol\u00f3gico de Zeev Jabotinsky y cuyo heredero es el Likud de Netanyahu. Vinculado con el mismo t\u00e9rmino existe la expresi\u00f3n \u201cbnei jor\u00edn<\/em>\u201d, que es la que alude a la salida del pueblo de Israel de la esclavitud en Egipto. El otro nombre, Dror, fue el denominativo del movimiento sionista socialista de una de las ramas kibutzianas fundacionales del laborismo. Sin embargo, la expresi\u00f3n m\u00e1s conocida de esta palabra hebrea es de un popular poema compuesto en lo que hoy es Espa\u00f1a por Dunash Ben Labrat (Dror yikr\u00e1<\/em>), basado en una cita b\u00edblica acerca del a\u00f1o de jubileo: \u201cpregonar\u00e9is libertad en la tierra a todos sus moradores\u201d. A diferencia quiz\u00e1s de la libertad anhelada (Jerut<\/em>), Dror<\/em> significa el derecho inalienable a ella.<\/p>\n

Shijrur<\/em>, a diferencia de las anteriores, es una libertad din\u00e1mica, cercana al t\u00e9rmino liberaci\u00f3n en espa\u00f1ol, aunque se emplea en contextos muy distintos. Por ejemplo, en el plano militar significa reconquistar una zona perdida, conseguir una exenci\u00f3n del servicio o rescatar a un prisionero; pero tambi\u00e9n se usa para hablar de la relajaci\u00f3n de los m\u00fasculos para liberar tensiones; soltar o dejar ir, despedir. O sea, en general, pasar de una situaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n y constricci\u00f3n a otra de distensi\u00f3n y expansi\u00f3n, o catarsis. El \u00faltimo t\u00e9rmino, jofesh, es el que, aparentemente, se usa para asuntos m\u00e1s mundanos como las vacaciones (libre de obligaciones laborales), la gratuidad (exento de pago), aunque tambi\u00e9n para las libertades fundamentales modernas de los derechos civiles: libertad de conciencia, expresi\u00f3n, culto, etc.<\/p>\n

Lo que en otras lenguas se dice globalmente con una \u00fanica palabra (en ingl\u00e9s son dos: freedom<\/em> y liberty<\/em>), en la tradici\u00f3n oral jud\u00eda se especifica, tal como sucede con los habitantes del \u00c1rtico y sus denominaciones de los tipos de nieve. Puede que tenga que ver con el deseo de una condici\u00f3n colectiva que tard\u00f3 y cost\u00f3 mucho en conseguirse. Por eso, parafraseando uno de los primeros versos del himno nacional argentino (\u00a1Libertad, libertad, libertad!), los jud\u00edos agregamos un cuarto: \u00a1\u2026 y libertad!<\/p>\n

Shabat shalom<\/p>\n

Jorge Rozemblum<\/p>\n

Director de Radio Sefarad<\/p>\n

www.radiosefarad.com<\/a><\/p>\n

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Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p>

Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p>

Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a> <\/p>

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\"Donate<\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cada una representa una cara distinta del mismo concepto y es una de las mejores muestras de c\u00f3mo la propia lengua muchas veces moldea el pensamiento colectivo de una comunidad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":257544,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[209],"tags":[11446,920],"class_list":["post-289821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mundo","tag-fiesta-de-la-libertad","tag-libertad"],"better_featured_image":{"id":257544,"alt_text":"","caption":"One of many rallies in the 1970s for the freedom of Soviet prisoners. 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