{"id":267930,"date":"2018-08-26T14:31:04","date_gmt":"2018-08-26T11:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=267930"},"modified":"2018-08-29T20:06:28","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T17:06:28","slug":"soy-judio-o-soy-hebreo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/soy-judio-o-soy-hebreo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfSoy jud\u00edo o soy hebreo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Previamente explicamos que la ley jud\u00eda rechaza la noci\u00f3n de la intervenci\u00f3n divina en el azar, con fines de adivinaci\u00f3n.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n

Esta pr\u00e1ctica,\u00a0conocida t\u00e9cnicamente como \u201ccleormancia\u201d es considerada una forma de idolatr\u00eda.\u00a0 En la historia de Yon\u00e1, sin embargo, Dios \u201ccambia las leyes del juego\u201d, interviene en las suertes (una especie de \u201cdados\u201d) que tiran los marineros para encontrar al culpable, y se\u00f1ala a Yon\u00e1.\u00a0El profeta ahora no tiene escapatoria. HaShem lo ha des-cubierto, porque la misi\u00f3n que Yon\u00e1 tiene que llevar a cabo, salvar Ninev\u00e9, es urgente.<\/p>\n

Vers\u00edculo 8:\u00a0Entonces le dijeron [los marineros a Yon\u00e1]:\u2014 Dinos por qu\u00e9 nos ha sobrevenido esta tragedia. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu ocupaci\u00f3n? \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde vienes? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu pa\u00eds? \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 pueblo eres?<\/p>\n

Los marineros lo desbordan con preguntas.\u00a0Y ahora, por primera vez en el libro, escuchamos directamente a Yon\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Vers\u00edculo 9:\u00a0Yon\u00e1 les respondi\u00f3: Soy hebreo.Y temo a HaShem, Dios del cielo, que hizo el mar y la tierra firme.<\/p>\n

SOY HEBREO, O ISRAELITA<\/p>\n

Algunos comentaristas b\u00edblicos explican que la respuesta de Yon\u00e1, \u201cSoy hebreo\u201d, contesta a todas las preguntas de la vez. Veamos.<\/p>\n

Los jud\u00edos en esos tiempos, nos dedic\u00e1bamos a trabajar la tierra (los grandes comerciantes internacionales \u00a1eran los Fenicios!)\u00a0Un jud\u00edo tenia fama de ser un agricultor que pasaba una gran parte de su d\u00eda dedicado a servir a Dios (rezar, estudiar Tor\u00e1, hacer obras de bien).\u00a0Se podr\u00eda releer este vers\u00edculo as\u00ed: \u201c\u00bfQui\u00e9n eres? A qu\u00e9 te dedicas?\u00bb-le preguntaron a Yon\u00e1- \u00abSoy hebreo, y mi ocupaci\u00f3n principal es servir (=temer) a HaShem\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cSoy hebreo\u201d tambi\u00e9n responde a las preguntas \u201cde d\u00f3nde vienes\u201d,\u201ccu\u00e1l es tu tierra\u201d y \u201c a que pueblo perteneces\u201d . La respuesta a estas 3 preguntas es una sola palabra: \u201cIsrael\u201d , que est\u00e1 impl\u00edcita en \u201cSoy hebreo\u201d, ya que hasta\u00a0722 a.e.c. todos los jud\u00edos\/hebreos del mundo viv\u00edamos exclusivamente en Israel.<\/p>\n

Ahora bien: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Yon\u00e1 dice: \u201cSoy hebreo\u201d y no dice \u201cSoy jud\u00edo\u201d?<\/p>\n

En ese tiempo, siglo 8 de la era com\u00fan, el pueblo jud\u00edo estaba dividido en el Reinado de Israel (las 10 tribus) y el reinado de Yehud\u00e1 (Judea), que inclu\u00eda Jerusalem, el Bet haMiqdash, etc.\u00a0Los habitantes de Yehud\u00e1 eran conocidos como Yehudim, o jud\u00edos, como se ve en libro de Ester. Pero Yon\u00e1 pertenencia al reinado de Israel.\u00a0Algunos comentaristas explican que \u201cHebreo\u201d era la palabra (el patron\u00edmico) que los no-jud\u00edos usaban para referirse a los jud\u00edos, en oposici\u00f3n a \u00abisraelita\u00bb\u00a0ben\u00e9 Israel.\u00a0La Tor\u00e1 menciona varias veces la palabra \u201chebreo\u201d cuando los egipcios se refieren a alg\u00fan miembro de los hijos de Israel (Yosef, Mosh\u00e9, las parteras, etc.).\u00a0\u00a0Es muy interesante tambi\u00e9n que en los documentos de Amarna, cartas del Fara\u00f3n\u00a0Amenhotep IV (1350-1330 antes de la era com\u00fan, periodo en el cual los jud\u00edos \u00e9ramos esclavos en Egipto), y que representan el documento no-b\u00edblico m\u00e1s antiguo donde se menciona a los jud\u00edos, encontrado hasta el momento, los egipcios tambi\u00e9n se refieren a los jud\u00edos como \u201chebreos\u201d (habiru\u00a0o\u00a0habriu).<\/p>\n

\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9 \u05d0\u05e0\u05d5\u05db\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u2018 \u05d0\u05dc\u05e7\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e9\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d9\u05e8\u05d0<\/p>\n

BREVE HISTORIA DEL ANTISEMITISMO<\/p>\n

Mirando un poco m\u00e1s adelante, uno de los primeros s\u00edntomas de la separaci\u00f3n definitiva entre los primeros cristianos y el pueblo de Israel es cuando los primeros comienzan a referirse a los jud\u00edos \u201chebreos\u201d (como \u201cEp\u00edstola a los Hebreos), manifestando as\u00ed su alienaci\u00f3n final. Aunque luego la iglesia prefiri\u00f3 referirse a nosotros como \u201cjud\u00edos\u201d, por la asociaci\u00f3n despreciativa entre el patron\u00edmico \u201cjud\u00edo\u201d y \u201cJudas\u201d, el gran traidor.\u00a0En algunos lugares de Espa\u00f1a\u2014por ejemplo Melilla, el lugar de nacimiento\u00a0de mi esposa\u2014los jud\u00edos\u00a0se llamaban a s\u00ed mismos \u201chebreos\u201d. Pero creo que a diferencia de Yon\u00e1 lo hac\u00edan para protegerse, y tratar de minimizar la connotaci\u00f3n al\u00e9rgica y demonizante que el t\u00e9rmino \u201cjud\u00edo\u201d inspiraba (\u00bfinspira?) en la mente de muchos hispano-parlantes que cargan con 15 siglos de antisemitismo sistematizado en sus subconscientes. \u00a0En este contexto vale la pena recordar que los diccionarios espa\u00f1oles defin\u00eda la palabra \u201cjud\u00edo\u201d como avaro y usurero, y \u201cjudiada\u201d como \u201ctraici\u00f3n\u201d.\u00a0Hoy, la Real Academia Espa\u00f1ola trata de\u00a0eufemizarlo un poco (ver\u00a0aqu\u00ed<\/a>)\u00a0\u201cjudiada\u201d 1.\u00a0Mala pasada o acci\u00f3n que perjudica a alguien.<\/p>\n

Despu\u00e9s de esta larga nota, volvamos a Yon\u00e1.<\/p>\n

El profeta de Israel se presenta a los marineros usando el patron\u00edmico que los no-jud\u00edos usaban para identificar a los israelitas: \u201c\u00a1Soy hebreo!\u201d.<\/p>\n

Continuar\u00e1<\/p>\n

Por: Rabino Yosef Bitton<\/p>\n

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Vers\u00edculo 8:\u00a0Entonces le dijeron [los marineros a Yon\u00e1]:\u2014 Dinos por qu\u00e9 nos ha sobrevenido esta tragedia. \u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu ocupaci\u00f3n? \u00bfDe d\u00f3nde vienes? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es tu pa\u00eds? \u00bfDe qu\u00e9 pueblo eres?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":259606,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[16582,6235,31347],"class_list":["post-267930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-hebreo","tag-judio","tag-yona"],"better_featured_image":{"id":259606,"alt_text":"","caption":"(Yaakov Naumi\/Flash90)","description":"A Jewish man near the banks of the Umanka River in Uman, Ukraine, to where thousands of ultra orthodox Jews travelled to visit the grave of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov, during the Jewish holiday of Rosh Ha Shana. 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