{"id":177885,"date":"2023-01-03T07:53:27","date_gmt":"2023-01-03T04:53:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/?p=177885\/"},"modified":"2023-01-03T15:22:53","modified_gmt":"2023-01-03T12:22:53","slug":"el-ayuno-del-10-de-tebet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/el-ayuno-del-10-de-tebet\/","title":{"rendered":"El Ayuno del 10 de Tebet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoy, martes 3 de enero observamos el ayuno de Asar\u00e1 beTebet (10 del mes de Tebet). El ayuno comenz\u00f3 al amanecer y concluye al anochecer. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

El evento principal que rememoramos en este d\u00eda es el asedio a Yerushalayim por Nebujadnezzar, rey de Babilonia. El sitio de la ciudad marc\u00f3 el comienzo de la batalla que finalmente destruy\u00f3 Jerusalem y nuestro primer Bet haMiqdash en el a\u00f1o 586 antes de la era com\u00fan. Cientos de miles de Yehudim murieron de hambre durante el sitio; fueron muertos en batalla, capturados como esclavos o enviados como prisioneros de guerra al exilio en Babilonia.<\/p>\n

Como todos los d\u00edas de ayuno, debe ser dedicado a la Teshub\u00e1 (retorno, arrepentimiento). En las palabras de Maim\u00f3nides (MT, Hiljot Ta’anit, 5:1), en los d\u00edas de ayuno \u00abdebemos recordar nuestras transgresiones y errores, que son similares a los errores cometidos por nuestros antepasados.\u00bb Esas transgresiones trajeron la destrucci\u00f3n de nuestro Bet haMiqdash y el distanciamiento de la Shejin\u00e1, la presencia de Dios, de nuestro medio. El acortamiento de la distancia entre nosotros y nuestro Creador est\u00e1 en nuestras manos. Y una renovada cercan\u00eda con Bor\u00e9 Olam nos traer\u00e1 m\u00e1s cerca de ver a nuestro Bet haMiqdash, una vez m\u00e1s, reconstruido.<\/p>\n

Hay otros dos eventos que tambi\u00e9n recordamos en este d\u00eda. La traducci\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1 al idioma griego (que ocurri\u00f3 el 8 de Tebet), y la muerte de Ezr\u00e1 haSofer (9 de Tebet).<\/p>\n

El 8 de Tebet, aproximadamente en el a\u00f1o 260 aec, en Alejandr\u00eda, Egipto, el rey Ptolomeo orden\u00f3 a 72 eruditos jud\u00edos, traducir la Tor\u00e1 al Griego. El Rey Ptolomeo intentaba demostrar la inexistencia de una interpretaci\u00f3n jud\u00eda unificada de la Tor\u00e1, y as\u00ed tener una excusa para delegitimizar la tradici\u00f3n jud\u00eda y humillar al pueblo de Israel. Para este efecto, los Sabios jud\u00edos fueron colocados en cuartos de trabajo separados. As\u00ed, pens\u00f3 el monarca griego, ser\u00eda imposible que todos tradujeran de la misma forma el texto b\u00edblico. Sin embargo, milagrosamente, todos los sabios tradujeron cada palabra de la Tora de la misma forma.<\/p>\n

La traducci\u00f3n de la Tor\u00e1 al griego fue considerada por la historiograf\u00eda jud\u00eda como un evento muy negativo. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9? Porque la Biblia hebrea pas\u00f3 a ser desde ese momento un libro que los gentiles se jactaban de comprender plenamente, incluso cuando ignoraban por completo el idioma original de la Tor\u00e1, el hebreo, y la tradicional interpretaci\u00f3n jud\u00eda. Tres siglos m\u00e1s tarde, la Septuaginta allan\u00f3 el camino para el avance de religiones \u00abb\u00edblicas\u00bb no-jud\u00edas. Como lo explica Timothy McLay, \u00ablas Escrituras jud\u00edas tal como fueron estudiadas, le\u00eddas e interpretadas en la lengua griega, fueron la base de gran parte, si no de la mayor\u00eda, del contexto interpretativo del Nuevo Testamento.\u00bb A diferencia de los cultos paganos, que eran claramente antag\u00f3nicos a la Tor\u00e1, estas nuevas religiones estaban supuestamente basadas en la Tor\u00e1. Ir\u00f3nicamente, la Biblia se interpretaba a voluntad y capricho para justificar ideas o creencias no-jud\u00edas o incluso anti-jud\u00edas \u00a1\u00bben el nombre de la Biblia\u00bb! Toda esta nueva tendencia caus\u00f3 tragedias incontables para el pueblo jud\u00edo durante siglos o milenios.<\/p>\n

Otro de los eventos que recordamos es la muerte de Ezr\u00e1 haSofer, que ocurri\u00f3 el 9 de Tebet. Setenta a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s de la destrucci\u00f3n del primer Bet haMiqdash, aproximadamente en el a\u00f1o 516 antes de la era com\u00fan, muchos jud\u00edos regresaron a Erets Israel con los augurios del Emperador Persa Ciro (Koresh). Un total de 42.360 Yehudim volvieron a Israel, guiados por Zerubabel (v\u00e9ase el libro de Ezr\u00e1 2:64). A\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, en el a\u00f1o 457 antes de la era com\u00fan, m\u00e1s jud\u00edos hicieron Ali\u00e1 guiados por Ezr\u00e1 el Escriba, quien fue asignado por el nuevo emperador Persa Artajshasta como el l\u00edder espiritual de los Yehudim que llegaron de Babel a Yerushalayim. Ezr\u00e1 tuvo una misi\u00f3n muy dif\u00edcil. Los Yehudim que regresaban de Babel, donde hab\u00edan estado exiliados por 4 o 5 generaciones, ya hab\u00edan olvidado la Tor\u00e1 y sus leyes y hab\u00edan adoptado los valores de la cultura de Babel. Muchos, ni siquiera sab\u00edan hablar o leer hebreo.<\/p>\n

En Yerushalayim, Ezr\u00e1 estableci\u00f3 el Ansh\u00e9 Keneset haGedola, el primer Parlamento jud\u00edo, compuesto por 120 sabios y profetas. Con ellos, Ezr\u00e1 fij\u00f3 un numero de resoluciones para revivir el estudio y el cumplimiento de la Tor\u00e1 y reeducar al pueblo jud\u00edo. Ezr\u00e1 increment\u00f3 los d\u00edas de lectura p\u00fablica de la Tor\u00e1; compuso el texto de la Amid\u00e1 (oraci\u00f3n principal) porque la gente se hab\u00eda olvidado de c\u00f3mo orar correctamente; implement\u00f3 que la lectura de la Tor\u00e1 fuese traducida al arameo; adapt\u00f3 los nombres de los meses hebreos y modific\u00f3 el tipo de letra (los \u00abfonts\u00bb) del texto b\u00edblico (ketab ashur\u00ed) para facilitar el estudio de Tora, etc. Ezr\u00e1 haSofer fue considerado por nuestros rabinos como un segundo Mosh\u00e9 Rabbenu, y como el v\u00ednculo hist\u00f3rico entre la Tor\u00e1 escrita y la Tor\u00e1 oral. La Tor\u00e1, los rabinos explicaron, fue olvidada en el largo cautiverio de Babilonia, y fue recuperada gracias a Ezr\u00e1 haSofer.<\/p>\n

Por: Rabino Yosef Bitton, colaborador de United with Israel<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Hoy, martes 3 de enero observamos el ayuno de Asar\u00e1 beTebet (10 del mes de Tebet). El ayuno comenz\u00f3 al amanecer y concluye al anochecer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":379748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[18055,18057,26226],"class_list":["post-177885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-10-de-tebet","tag-asara-betevet","tag-tebet"],"better_featured_image":{"id":379748,"alt_text":"","caption":"Shutterstock","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":2560,"height":1707,"file":"2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-scaled.jpg","sizes":{"medium":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-300x200.jpg","width":300,"height":200,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-300x200.jpg"},"large":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-1024x683.jpg","width":1024,"height":683,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-1024x683.jpg"},"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-150x150.jpg"},"medium_large":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-768x512.jpg","width":768,"height":512,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-768x512.jpg"},"1536x1536":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-1536x1024.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-1536x1024.jpg"},"2048x2048":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-2048x1365.jpg","width":2048,"height":1365,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-2048x1365.jpg"},"uwi-full-width":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-780x520.jpg","width":780,"height":520,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-780x520.jpg"},"uwi-featured-carousel":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-890x400.jpg","width":890,"height":400,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-890x400.jpg"},"uwi-featured-content":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-290x160.jpg","width":290,"height":160,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-290x160.jpg"},"uwi-content-loop":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-190x190.jpg","width":190,"height":190,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-190x190.jpg"},"uwi-category_list":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-180x100.jpg","width":180,"height":100,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-180x100.jpg"},"uwi-tiny":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-40x40.jpg","width":40,"height":40,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-40x40.jpg"},"uwi-email-featured":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-250x170.jpg","width":250,"height":170,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-250x170.jpg"},"uwi-email":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-200x140.jpg","width":200,"height":140,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-200x140.jpg"},"uwi-iphone":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-960x640.jpg","width":960,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-960x640.jpg"},"uwi-iphone-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-1136x640.jpg","width":1136,"height":640,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-1136x640.jpg"},"uwi-ipad":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-1024x768.jpg","width":1024,"height":768,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/shutterstock_109311638-1024x768.jpg"},"uwi-ipad-x2":{"file":"shutterstock_109311638-2048x1536.jpg","width":2048,"height":1536,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","source_url":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/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