{"id":171403,"date":"2016-10-26T19:16:08","date_gmt":"2016-10-26T16:16:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/?p=171403"},"modified":"2016-10-26T19:16:08","modified_gmt":"2016-10-26T16:16:08","slug":"cientificos-israelies-logran-detener-el-cancer-de-mama-en-ratones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/cientificos-israelies-logran-detener-el-cancer-de-mama-en-ratones\/","title":{"rendered":"Cient\u00edficos israel\u00edes logran detener el c\u00e1ncer de mama en ratones"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seg\u00fan declaraciones recientes de investigadores israel\u00edes y estadounidenses, resulta mucho m\u00e1s eficaz tratar un tumor de mama en ratones de laboratorio con quimioterapia y terapia gen\u00e9tica simult\u00e1neamente para prevenir la met\u00e1stasis del c\u00e1ncer de pecho y la propagaci\u00f3n mortal de las c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas a \u00f3rganos vitales.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Los resultados de un estudio en el que participaron los dos grupos fueron dados a conocer el pasado 19 de septiembre en un art\u00edculo en la edici\u00f3n en l\u00ednea de la publicaci\u00f3n Nature Communications, escrito por Noam Shomron, de la Escuela Sackler de Medicina de la Universidad Tel Aviv (UTA) y Natalie Artzi, del Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Massachusetts (MIT). Colaboraron tambi\u00e9n Avital Gilam y Daphna Weissglas, alumnas de Shomron; Joao Conde, alumno de Artzi; y el profesor onc\u00f3logo genetista Eitan Friedman, de Sackler y del Centro M\u00e9dico Chaim Sheba, en Tel Hashomer.<\/p>\n

\u201cNuestra misi\u00f3n fue bloquear la capacidad que tienen las c\u00e9lulas cancer\u00edgenas de cambiar de forma y moverse\u201d, explic\u00f3 Shomron. \u201cEsas c\u00e9lulas alteran su estructura citoesquel\u00e9tica para permitir el paso de otras c\u00e9lulas, introducirse en los vasos sangu\u00edneos y continuar hasta su pr\u00f3xima parada: los pulmones, el cerebro o otro \u00f3rgano vital. Escogimos micro ARNs como nuestra terapia natural porque son maestros en la regulaci\u00f3n de la expresi\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica\u201d.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores basaron su enfoque en tres conceptos \u2014base de datos, f\u00e1rmacos y entrega\u2014 y empezaron por analizar bases de datos bioinform\u00e1ticas para investigar los lapsos de mutaciones en un tumor e identificar con precisi\u00f3n en cu\u00e1les enfocarse.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, desarrollaron un f\u00e1rmaco de origen natural basado en ARN, o \u00e1cido ribonucleico, para controlar el movimiento de las c\u00e9lulas y crear un veh\u00edculo seguro, hecho de nanopart\u00edculas de oro, para hacer llegar los dos micro ARN al lugar de tumor.<\/p>\n

\u201cMiramos mutaciones y polimorfismos que otros investigadores pasaron por alto\u201d, dijo Shomron. \u201cLas mutaciones en las tres principales regiones sin traducir (UTR) en el extremo final de un gene no son tenidas en cuenta normalmente porque no est\u00e1n situadas en la regi\u00f3n codificada de \u00e9ste. Miramos en las tres partes de la UTR que juegan un papel regulador y nos dimos cuenta de que ah\u00ed las mutaciones est\u00e1n relacionadas con la met\u00e1stasis\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dos semanas despu\u00e9s de iniciar el c\u00e1ncer de mama en los ratones \u201cpacientes\u201d, los investigadores inyectaron un hidrogel con micro ARN en los tumores. Dos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s los tumores de pecho primarios fueron eliminados.<\/p>\n

Los ratones se sometieron a evaluaciones tres semanas despu\u00e9s por medio de tomograf\u00eda computerizada, etiquetas fluorescentes y biopsias. Los investigadores descubrieron que se hab\u00edan registrado muy pocos procesos de met\u00e1stasis en los ratones que hab\u00edan sido tratados con micro ARN. En algunos casos no se encontr\u00f3 ninguno.<\/p>\n

En marcado contraste, el grupo de control, al que se le hab\u00edan inyectado mezclas de ARN aleatorias, mostr\u00f3 una proliferaci\u00f3n letal de met\u00e1stasis.<\/p>\n

Esperanza en una situaci\u00f3n sombr\u00eda<\/p>\n

\u201cNos dimos cuenta de que hab\u00edamos detenido la met\u00e1stasis del c\u00e1ncer de mama en ratones, y que esos resultados podr\u00edan ser aplicados a humanos\u201d, dijo Shomron.<\/p>\n

Agreg\u00f3: \u201cHay una fuerte correlaci\u00f3n entre el efecto de los genes en las c\u00e9lulas de ratones y de humanos. Nuestros resultados son especialmente alentadores porque se han repetido varias veces en grupos independientes en la UTA y MIT\u201d.<\/p>\n

A una de cada ocho mujeres se le diagnostica c\u00e1ncer de mama anualmente y un 80% con met\u00e1stasis muere en los cinco a\u00f1os posteriores al diagn\u00f3stico. A pesar de los programas de detecci\u00f3n temprana que existen, es el segundo c\u00e1ncer m\u00e1s mortal entre mujeres.<\/p>\n

\u201cLa situaci\u00f3n es sombr\u00eda\u201d, dijo Shomron, director del Laboratorio de Gen\u00f3mica Funcional de la Facultad de Medicina de la UTA. \u201cEl \u00edndice de mortalidad por c\u00e1ncer de mama sigue siendo alta y ha permanecido relativamente estable, a pesar de avances m\u00e9dicos y tecnol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n

Queremos encontrar una forma de detener la met\u00e1stasis. Es el punto crucial a partir del cual los \u00edndices de supervivencia disminuyen exponencialmente\u201d.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores contin\u00faan el estudio sobre los efectos del micro ARN en tumores en diferentes microambientes.<\/p>\n

Fuente: Israel21 y Aurora<\/p>\n<\/a>

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Dos semanas despu\u00e9s de iniciar el c\u00e1ncer de mama en los ratones \u201cpacientes\u201d, los investigadores inyectaron un hidrogel con micro ARN en los tumores. Dos d\u00edas despu\u00e9s los tumores de pecho primarios fueron eliminados.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":122832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[211],"tags":[25183,25184,8207,7734],"class_list":["post-171403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-luz-para-las-naciones","tag-cancer-de-mama","tag-cancer-de-mama-en-ratones","tag-cancer-en-israel","tag-innovacion-en-israel"],"better_featured_image":{"id":122832,"alt_text":"cancer","caption":"(Shutterstock)","description":"","media_type":"image","media_details":{"width":1000,"height":667,"file":"2015\/11\/shutterstock_296906015.jpg","sizes":{"thumbnail":{"file":"shutterstock_296906015-150x150.jpg","width":150,"height":150,"mime-type":"image\/jpeg","ewww_image_optimizer":"Reduced 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