{"id":166094,"date":"2016-09-02T10:20:01","date_gmt":"2016-09-02T07:20:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/?p=166094"},"modified":"2017-02-15T19:11:41","modified_gmt":"2017-02-15T16:11:41","slug":"sexto-mandamiento-no-mataras-o-no-asesinaras","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/sexto-mandamiento-no-mataras-o-no-asesinaras\/","title":{"rendered":"EL SEXTO MANDAMIENTO: \u00bfNo matar\u00e1s o no asesinar\u00e1s?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div align=\"right\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"lead\"><strong>\u05dc\u05d0 \u05ea\u05e8\u05e6\u05d7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>El sexto mandamiento, \u00abNo matar\u00e1s\u00bb, a primera vista parece ser el m\u00e1s sencillo de entender. Sin embargo, es uno de los mandamientos m\u00e1s complejos ya que debe ser definido una y otra vez para comprender su extensi\u00f3n, y es tambi\u00e9n uno de los m\u00e1s relevantes en la modernidad.<\/p>\n<p>En primer lugar, acordemos que NO MATAR\u00c1S es una traducci\u00f3n un poco enga\u00f1osa. En castellano, como en hebreo, hay una diferencia entre matar y asesinar. \u00a0 Matar puede incluir el terminar con la vida de animales, mientras que \u00abasesinar\u00bb se reduce a matar personas. Este mandamiento se deber\u00eda traducir entonces como NO ASESINAR\u00c1S.<\/p>\n<p>Como dijimos, si bien este mandamiento solo incluye 2 palabras, 6 letras, es complej\u00edsimo en t\u00e9rminos de su extensi\u00f3n e inclusi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>La ley jud\u00eda, al igual que la ley civil de cualquier pa\u00eds civilizado, distingue entre los distintos tipos de \u00abasesinato\u00bb.\u00a0 En las siguientes l\u00edneas veremos algunas de estas categor\u00edas, seg\u00fan las menciona Maim\u00f3nides.<\/p>\n<p>En primer lugar, hay un asesinato \u00abpermitido\u00bb que es el caso de matar en\u00a0defensa\u00a0propia\u00a0. Si alguien se acerca con la intenci\u00f3n de matarme (en hebreo: \u00abrodef\u00bb) entonces para defenderme lo podr\u00eda matar. Lo mismo sucede si alguien mata al asesino potencial de otra persona inocente.<\/p>\n<p>En segundo lugar tenemos el asesinato accidental, un caso que est\u00e1 expl\u00edcitamente legislado en la Tor\u00e1.\u00a0 En el texto b\u00edblico se trae el ejemplo de dos personas que van a trabajar al campo, \u00a0a talar\u00a0\u00e1rboles. A uno de los trabajadores se le escapa la parte de metal de su hacha y hiere mortalmente a su compa\u00f1ero.\u00a0 En este caso, no existe la intenci\u00f3n de matar y tampoco negligencia. Se podr\u00eda comparar hoy con algunos tipos de accidentes de tr\u00e1nsito, donde se determine que las circunstancias del fatal accidente estuvieron completamente m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del control del victimario.\u00a0 En este caso, en los tiempos b\u00edblicos, el asesino no intencional deb\u00eda exiliarse en las ciudades de refugio.<\/p>\n<p>En tercer lugar tenemos el asesinato de otra persona cuando ocurre por negligencia: es decir, \u00abA\u00bb no tuvo la intenci\u00f3n de matar a \u00abB\u00bb.\u00a0 Pero ten\u00eda que haber previsto ciertos medidas de seguridad para evitar ese accidente. El ejemplo cl\u00e1sico en nuestros d\u00edas es una persona que maneja a toda velocidad y \u00abaccidentalmente\u00bb mata a otra persona. Esto se llama negligencia, o en hebreo: peshi&#8217;a. Y por supuesto el grado de responsabilidad es muy grande, aunque no haya existido la intenci\u00f3n de matar.<\/p>\n<p>En cuarto lugar, est\u00e1 la situaci\u00f3n el la que una persona por ejemplo, golpea intencionalmente a otra, sin intenci\u00f3n de matarlo, pero sin querer lo mata.<\/p>\n<p>Y en quinto lugar, est\u00e1 el caso del asesinato con premeditaci\u00f3n, es decir, cuando \u00abA\u00bb asesina a \u00abB\u00bb intencionalmente.\u00a0 En este \u00faltimo caso, si se estableciera la culpabilidad e intencionalidad del asesino por dos testigos v\u00e1lidos, entonces cabr\u00eda la pena de muerte para el asesino (dicho sea de paso, en los tiempos del Sanhedr\u00edn, o\u00a0m\u00e1ximo\u00a0tribunal jud\u00edo, \u00a0si bien se enviaba a este individuo a prisi\u00f3n y se lo sentenciaba a muerte, era muy raro que se\u00a0ejecutase\u00a0efectivamente al prisionero).<\/p>\n<p>Maim\u00f3nides\u00a0tambi\u00e9n menciona otros tipos de homicidio como por ejemplo: provocar intencionalmente la muerte de otra persona; asesinar a trav\u00e9s de un tercero; suicidio, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Cada uno de estos casos merece un tratamiento particular en t\u00e9rminos de intencionalidad, responsabilidad, sentencia, etc.\u00a0 El lector interesado podr\u00e1 encontrar todos estos casos y m\u00e1s en Mishn\u00e9 Tor\u00e1, Sefer Neziqu\u00edn, Hiljot Rotseaj.<\/p>\n<p>Como se podr\u00e1 apreciar, este tema que hemos resumido es muy complejo. Pero aqu\u00ed solo comienza la exploraci\u00f3n de este mandamiento.\u00a0 En los pr\u00f3ximos d\u00edas veremos algunos otros ejemplos de NO ASESINARAS. \u00bfEl aborto, se lo considera asesinato?\u00a0 \u00bfEst\u00e1 permitida la eutanasia en la ley jud\u00eda? \u00bfSe puede desconectar el pulmotor de un paciente en estado vegetativo? etc.<\/p>\n<p>Por: Rabino Yossef Bitton, colaborador especial de Unidos con Israel<\/p>\n<!-- ERROR: El anuncio no est\u00e1 disponible en este momento debido a las restricciones restricciones de programa o geolocalizaci\u00f3n! --><shortcode id=\"donate-es\"><cta><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g1s?utm_campaign=SpanishDonations&utm_source=UWI(spanish)&utm_medium=article&utm_term=donate\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g1s?utm_campaign=SpanishDonations&utm_source=UWI(spanish)&utm_medium=article&utm_term=donate\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border alignright size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/shutterstock_1528562331-300x173.jpg\"alt=\"shutterstock_152856233\" width=\"300\" height=\"173\"\/><\/a><h2>\u00bfEst\u00e1s Unido con Israel? \u00a1DEMU\u00c9STRALO!<\/h2><p><p>\u00bfQuieres hacer algo grande por Israel hoy mismo? Haz una donaci\u00f3n a United with Israel, y ayudar\u00e1s a educar e inspirar a millones de personas en todo el mundo para que apoyen, como tu lo haces, a Israel.\r\n<\/p> <p>Somos un movimiento mundial que fomenta la unidad y el amor por la Tierra de Israel y el Pueblo Jud\u00edo. Todos los d\u00edas publicamos historias sobre Israel para educar, inspirar y dotar de m\u00e1s recursos a los partidarios de Israel en todo el mundo. Contribuimos a causas vitales como la construcci\u00f3n de refugios antia\u00e9reos y ayudamos a los m\u00e1s necesitados. Las donaciones de los verdaderos amigos de Israel como tu hacen que esto sea posible... as\u00ed que por favor muestra tu apoyo a Israel hoy mismo.<\/p><\/p><p style=\"font-size:18px;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g1s?utm_campaign=SpanishDonations&utm_source=UWI(spanish)&utm_medium=article&utm_term=donate\" target=\"_blank\">HAZ CLIC AQU\u00cd PARA HACER TU DONACI\u00d3N<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/cta><\/shortcode><non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>\n<\/div>\n<shortcode  style=\"display:block\" ><div class=\"cta-boxed\"><h2>Do You Love Israel? Make a Donation - Show Your Support!<\/h2><div class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"width: 260px\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/shutterstock_1528562331.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"260\"><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\"><\/p><\/div><p><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Donate to vital charities<\/strong><\/a> that help protect Israeli citizens and inspire millions around the world to support Israel too! <\/p><p> Now more than ever, Israel needs your help to fight and win the war -- including on the battlefield of public opinion. <\/p><p> Antisemitism, anti-Israel bias and boycotts are out of control. Israel's enemies are inciting terror and violence against innocent Israelis and Jews around the world. <a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Help us fight back!<\/strong><\/a>  <\/p> <p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/g4?a=asc\" target=\"_blank\">STAND WTH ISRAEL - MAKE A DONATION TODAY!<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/shortcode><non-auwi><ad-shortcode><div style=\"margin-top:20px;display:block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/donate.unitedwithisrael.org\/donate\/G1S\/?a=uwi_es_art_bnr_atk\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"no-border\" style=\"padding:0;\" src=\"https:\/\/unitedwithisrael.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/ad_890x100_es.jpg\" alt=\"Donate to Israel\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/ad-shortcode><\/non-auwi>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p> Sin embargo, es uno de los mandamientos m\u00e1s complejos ya que debe ser definido una y otra vez para comprender su extensi\u00f3n, y es tambi\u00e9n uno de los m\u00e1s relevantes en la modernidad. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":134666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[6949,24370,24369,3038],"class_list":["post-166094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-1700-anos","tag-no-mataras","tag-sexto-mandamiento","tag-viviendo-la-tora-2"],"better_featured_image":{"id":134666,"alt_text":"","caption":"A woman cries during a candlelight vigil for Islamic terror victims last month in San Bernardino, Calif. 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