{"id":144519,"date":"2016-03-15T23:45:25","date_gmt":"2016-03-15T20:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/?p=144519"},"modified":"2016-03-16T19:01:29","modified_gmt":"2016-03-16T16:01:29","slug":"por-que-mordejai-no-reverencio-a-haman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/por-que-mordejai-no-reverencio-a-haman\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Mordejai no reverenci\u00f3 a Ham\u00e1n?"},"content":{"rendered":"

El tercer cap\u00edtulo del libro de Ester comienza con la designaci\u00f3n de Ham\u00e1n como primer ministro o jefe de gabinete del Imperio persa.\u00a0 Ajashverosh dio la orden que todos los s\u00fabditos del Rey se arrodillaran ante Ham\u00e1n.\u00a0 Y todo el mundo lo hizo. Con excepci\u00f3n de un hombre: Mordejai. La reacci\u00f3n de Ham\u00e1n fue tremenda. \u00abSi el representante de los Yehudim, Mordejai, no se arrodilla ante m\u00ed, le voy a hacer pagar por su ofensa de la peor forma posible: No lo voy a matar s\u00f3lo a \u00e9l, dijo Ham\u00e1n, eso ser\u00eda poca cosa para satisfacer mi enorme sed de venganza. No voy a matar s\u00f3lo a su familia, como hace la mafia. Para que mi venganza sea total, voy a hacer matar a todo su pueblo (Ester 3:6).\u00a0 Como sabemos, milagrosamente, el plan de Ham\u00e1n no prosper\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\n

Pero una pregunta que nos queda pendiente es \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 Mordejai no se reverenci\u00f3 ante Ham\u00e1n?\u00a0 El libro de Ester no explica las razones de Mordejai (o las da por obvias). Y los rabinos del Midrash dieron muchas y variadas razones, que no vamos a cubrir en su totalidad.\u00a0 Algunos Jajamim dijeron que los Dayanim, jueces jud\u00edos, de aquellos tiempos, criticaron la actitud de Mordejai, ya que por su accionar puso en peligro al pueblo jud\u00edo (Yalkut Shimoni 953). \u00a0 De cualquier manera, de acuerdo a la mayor\u00eda de los comentarios y siguiendo el peshat de Meguilat Ester, Mordejai actu\u00f3 correctamente.<\/p>\n

Veamos algunas de las muchas explicaciones que dieron los Sabios respecto a este gesto de Mordejai.<\/p>\n

Una de las claves para entender la desobediencia de Mordejay es la palabra: \u00abkore’im\u00bb (Ester 3: 2) \u00abtodo el mundo se arrodillaba<\/em> y se inclinaba ante Ham\u00e1n\u00bb. En la Tora se aplica el verbo leahishtajavot<\/em>(inclinarse o hacer la reverencia) sobre todo en el contexto de inclinarse ante de HaShem. Pero tambi\u00e9n encontramos en la Tor\u00e1 que algunos de nuestros patriarcas se inclinaron ante otras personas, como expresi\u00f3n de respeto. Abraham se inclin\u00f3 ante los Hititas, Ya’aqob ante Esav y Moshe ante Itr\u00f3. Pero lo que nunca encontramos en el Tanaj es que alguien se haya arrodillado kore’a<\/em> ante una persona. ya que arrodillarse (keria’) tiene una connotaci\u00f3n\u00a0exclusivamente\u00a0rel<\/wbr>igiosa, es un acto de devoci\u00f3n, no un saludo. Como decimos en\u00a0 ‘Alenu leshabeaj, que los Yehdim s\u00f3lo nos \u00abarrodillamos y nos inclinamos\u00bb \u00a0(como hacemos hasta hoy en \u00a0d\u00eda en el seder ha’abod\u00e1 de Yom Kippur) ante HaShem. Y aspiramos a que llegue el d\u00eda en que todo el mundo reconozca a HaShem, a trav\u00e9s de este gesto (ki leja tijra’ kol berej).<\/p>\n

Ahora podemos entender que Mordejai no le estaba negando el saludo p el respeto a Ham\u00e1n. Ham\u00e1n se cre\u00eda un dios, como dice Rash\u00ed, o llevaba un \u00eddolo colgando de su cuello, como dicen otros Sabios. \u00a0Y arrodillarse ante Ham\u00e1n\u00a0constitu\u00eda\u00a0un acto de\u00a0idolatr\u00eda.<\/p>\n

Yo creo que podemos agregar algo m\u00e1s, que pocas veces se menciona al discutir los motivos de la negativa de Mordejai.\u00a0 Alrededor de 120 a\u00f1os antes de estos hechos, cuando el primer grupo de Yehudim fue exiliado a Babel, hab\u00eda tres j\u00f3venes jud\u00edos, Jananiy\u00e1, Mishael y ‘Azariy\u00e1 que pasaron por algo parecido. La heroica historia de estos 3 j\u00f3venes aparece en el libro de Daniel,\u00a0cap\u00edtulo3.\u00a0 El emperador\u00a0Babil\u00f3nico\u00a0Nebujadne<\/wbr>tsar se dispon\u00eda a inaugurar una gigantesca estatua de s\u00ed mismo, que ser\u00eda objeto de culto en el imperio. \u00a0 El libro de Daniel nos cuenta todos lo detalles de esa fastuosa ceremonia de inauguraci\u00f3n. Y nos dice que el Emperador\u00a0 dio la orden que al ingresar la estatua, la m\u00fasica comenzar\u00eda a sonar y en ese momento todos deber\u00edan postrarse a tierra, bajo pena de ser arrojados vivos al fuego (Daniel 3:6).\u00a0 Hab\u00eda decenas de miles de personas presentes. Todos los dignatarios del imperio de Babel, los nobles etc.\u00a0 Todos se arrodillaron como hab\u00eda ordenado el Rey, incluso aquellos que NO eran de Babilonia y profesaban otra religi\u00f3n u otro culto.\u00a0 Los \u00fanicos que no se arrodillaron fueron\u00a0tres\u00a0j\u00f3venes\u00a0jud\u00edos, Jananiy\u00e1, Mishael y ‘Azariy\u00e1. Que fueron sentenciados a morir abrasados por el fuego, pero milagrosamente se salvaron (Daniel 3:25).<\/p>\n

Mordejai era el l\u00edder del pueblo jud\u00edo. Y no pod\u00eda arrodillarse ante Ham\u00e1n, sin importar las consecuencias.\u00a0Mordejai sigui\u00f3 el ejemplo de Jananiy\u00e1, Mishael y ‘Azariy\u00e1.\u00a0Y supuso que, al igual que Nebujadnetsar, el rey Ajashverosh ordenar\u00eda su ejecuci\u00f3n (\u00a1no la de TODO<\/strong> el pueblo jud\u00edo!). Y estuvo dispuesto a sacrificar su vida, ‘al quiddush HaShem<\/em>, para evitar profanar el nombre de HaShem, dando el ejemplo a todos los Yehudim, por generaciones.<\/p>\n

Nuestros sabios afirman que los jud\u00edos del Imperio persa estaban en un profundo proceso de asimilaci\u00f3n.\u00a0 Lo que hizo Mordejai surti\u00f3 un efecto de \u00abshock\u00bb que conmovi\u00f3 a Am Israel, y\u00a0 gracias a Mordejai, comenz\u00f3 un proceso de teshub\u00e1<\/em> que hizo volver al pueblo jud\u00edo a reestablcer su pacto con HaShem.<\/p>\n

Por Yosef Bitton<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 Mordejai no reverenci\u00f3 a Ham\u00e1n? El tercer cap\u00edtulo del libro de Ester comienza con la designaci\u00f3n de Ham\u00e1n como primer ministro o jefe de gabinete del Imperio persa. Ajashverosh dio la orden que todos los s\u00fabditos del Rey se arrodillaran ante Ham\u00e1n. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":144319,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[214],"tags":[20698,20697,3592],"class_list":["post-144519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viviendo-la-tora","tag-meguila-de-purim","tag-mordechai-y-hamas","tag-purim-2"],"better_featured_image":{"id":144319,"alt_text":"","caption":"Esther Denouncing Haman by artist Ernest Normand 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