{"id":133766,"date":"2016-01-13T11:47:43","date_gmt":"2016-01-13T08:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/?p=133766"},"modified":"2016-01-13T11:47:43","modified_gmt":"2016-01-13T08:47:43","slug":"el-sionismo-y-la-historia-catolica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kinsta.unitedwithisrael.org\/es\/el-sionismo-y-la-historia-catolica\/","title":{"rendered":"El sionismo y la historia cat\u00f3lica"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Kevin Madigan *<\/b> – Francisco declar\u00f3 recientemente que los ataques no s\u00f3lo contra los jud\u00edos, sino contra el Estado de Israel son igualmente antisemitas. En un discurso a finales de octubre para conmemorar el 50 aniversario de Nostra Aetate, el decreto del Vaticano II que transform\u00f3 las relaciones entre jud\u00edos y cat\u00f3licos, el pont\u00edfice concluy\u00f3: \u00abEl Estado de Israel tiene todo el derecho a existir en seguridad y prosperidad\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, menos conocidas para el p\u00fablico son las declaraciones hechas por te\u00f3logos cat\u00f3licos influyentes, y por los papas, sobre el sionismo en los siglos 19 y 20, y antes. Conoci\u00e9ndolas, podremos dimensionar el peso hist\u00f3rico de las declaraciones de Francisco.
\nLo que hab\u00eda sido el punto de vista cat\u00f3lico autorizado sobre el sionismo se remonta al siglo V y al padre de la iglesia, Agust\u00edn de Hipona. Para Agust\u00edn, los jud\u00edos hab\u00edan sido exiliados de su tierra y dispersados entre los gentiles por su culpabilidad en la muerte de Jes\u00fas. Fueron condenados a vagar ya vivir, hasta el fin de los tiempos, en un estado de ansiedad, miseria y servidumbre ante los gentiles emperadores y reyes. Esta \u00abdoctrina de los testigos jud\u00edos\u00bb, que subray\u00f3 la responsabilidad exclusiva de los jud\u00edos de la muerte de Jes\u00fas de Nazaret, trat\u00f3 de explicar por qu\u00e9 hab\u00edan sido exiliados de su patria (aunque la verdad hist\u00f3rica, poco conocida, es que un gran n\u00famero de jud\u00edos a\u00fan viv\u00edan en su tierra en la \u00e9poca de Agust\u00edn).
\nSer\u00eda dif\u00edcil exagerar el impacto catastr\u00f3fico de esta l\u00ednea de pensamiento. No s\u00f3lo era la semilla ideol\u00f3gica para una historia de calamidades, una historia en la que las comunidades jud\u00edas, a lo largo de los siglos, fueron asesinadas en las tres primeras cruzadas, asesinadas por la calumnia del envenenamiento de los pozos y la peste negra, obligadas a convertirse o emigrar, a vivir en guetos, y obligados a usar ropa estigmatizante\u00a0por orden de los papas. Esta \u00abteolog\u00eda agustiniana de los jud\u00edos\u00bb fue tambi\u00e9n el terreno dogm\u00e1tico para la oposici\u00f3n cat\u00f3lica al sionismo. De hecho, el Vaticano no reconoci\u00f3 al Estado de Israel hasta diciembre de 1993. Cuando Theodor Herzl, tal vez el padre m\u00e1s importante del sionismo moderno, pidi\u00f3 al Papa P\u00edo X el apoyo a la creaci\u00f3n de una patria jud\u00eda, el pont\u00edfice respondi\u00f3 \u00abNon possumus\u00bb (\u00abno podemos\u00bb). Este fue el comienzo de lo que parec\u00eda, hasta las declaraciones hist\u00f3ricas de Francisco, la oposici\u00f3n papal indefinida al sionismo.<\/p>\n

Ning\u00fan pont\u00edfice se opuso tan activamente al establecimiento de una patria jud\u00eda como el Papa P\u00edo XII, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Despu\u00e9s de persuadir con \u00e9xito a muchos que los jud\u00edos \u00abson agresores y beligerantes\u00bb – esto s\u00f3lo a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s que los pocos sobrevivientes de Hitler estaban luchando para establecer una patria para garantizarles la seguridad b\u00e1sica – \u00e9l public\u00f3 no menos de tres enc\u00edclicas opuestas al Estado de Israel. La Iglesia comenz\u00f3 a asociar el sionismo con el comunismo y otros movimientos imp\u00edos y a considerar a los israel\u00edes como los disputantes de un mismo territorio: \u00abla Tierra Santa\u00bb de la que la Iglesia se considera propietaria.<\/p>\n

Mientras Francisco visit\u00f3 el Estado de Israel en 2014, no hizo ninguna declaraci\u00f3n como la que expres\u00f3 recientemente. Pero en su discurso de octubre de 2015, \u00e9l declar\u00f3: \u00abAtacar a los jud\u00edos es antisemitismo, y tambi\u00e9n un ataque directo al Estado de Israel.\u00bb S\u00f3lo bajo el fondo del triste y largo contexto de siglos de antijuda\u00edsmo teol\u00f3gico, la persecuci\u00f3n, la guetizaci\u00f3n, el genocidio – y, sobre todo, la oposici\u00f3n papal al sionismo – podemos apreciar la importancia y la novedad de la declaraci\u00f3n del Santo Padre sobre el antisemitismo y el Estado de Israel. Y darle la bienvenida fundamental.<\/p>\n

Fuente: Boston Globe y Aurora<\/i><\/p>\n

* Profesor de historia eclesi\u00e1stica en la Harvard Divinity School y autor de \u00abEl cristianismo medieval. \u00bb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Francisco declar\u00f3 recientemente que los ataques no s\u00f3lo contra los jud\u00edos, sino contra el Estado de Israel son igualmente antisemitas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":47,"featured_media":124366,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[209],"tags":[18653,8623,18655,18654,18652],"class_list":["post-133766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mundo","tag-israel-y-la-iglesia","tag-judaismo-y-cristianismo","tag-papa-en-israel","tag-papa-francisco","tag-sionismo-y-la-iglesia"],"better_featured_image":{"id":124366,"alt_text":"Pope Francis","caption":"Pope Francis. 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